Ta có: A= 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2⁶⁰= (2 +2²) + (2³+ 2⁴) + ... + (2⁵⁹ + 2⁶⁰).

             = 2 x (2 + 1) + 2³ x (2 + 1) + ... + 2⁵⁹ x (2 + 1).

             = 2 x 3 + 2³ x 3 + ... + 2⁵⁹ x 3.

             = 3 x ( 2 + 2³ + ... + 2⁵⁹).

Vì A = 3 x ( 2 + 2³ + ... + 2⁵⁹)  nên A chia hết cho 3.

           A= (2 +2² + 2³) + (2⁴ + 2⁵  + 2⁶) + ... + (2⁵⁸ + 2⁵⁹ + 2⁶⁰).

             = 2 x (1 + 2 + 2²) + 2⁴ x (1 + 2 + 2²) + ... + 2⁵⁸ x (1 + 2 + 2²).

             = 2 x 7 + 2⁴ x 7 + ... + 2⁵⁸ x 7.

             = 7 x ( 2 + 2⁴ + ... + 2⁵⁸).

Vì A = 7 x ( 2 + 2⁴ + ... + 2⁵⁸)  nên A chia hết cho 7.

  A= (2 +2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + (2⁵ + 2⁶  + 2⁷ + 2⁸) + ... + (2⁵⁷ + 2⁵⁸ + 2⁵⁹ + 2⁶⁰).

             = 2 x (1 + 2 + 2² + 2³) + 2⁵ x (1 + 2 + 2² + 2³) + ... + 2⁵⁷ x (1 + 2 + 2² + 2³).

             = 2 x 15 + 2⁵ x 15 + ... + 2⁵⁷ x 15.

             = 15 x ( 2 + 2⁴ + ... + 2⁵⁸).

Vì A = 15 x ( 2 + 2⁴ + ... + 2⁵⁸)  nên A chia hết cho 15.

Ta có: B= 3 + 3³ + 3⁵ + ... + 3¹⁹⁹¹= (3 + 3³ + 3⁵) + (3⁷+ 3⁹ + 3¹¹ ) + ... + (3¹⁹⁸⁷ + 3¹⁹⁸⁹ + 3¹⁹⁹¹).

             = 3 x (1 + 3² + 3⁴) + 3⁷ x (1 + 3² + 3⁴) + ... + 3¹⁹⁸⁷ x (1 + 3² + 3⁴).

             = 3 x 91 + 3⁷ x 91 + ... + 3¹⁹⁸⁷ x 91= 3 x 7 x 13 + 3⁷  x 7 x 13 + ... + 3¹⁹⁸⁷ x 7 x 13.

             = 13 x ( 3 x 7 + 3⁷ x 7 + ... + 3¹⁹⁸⁷ x 7).

Vì B = 13 x ( 3 x 7 + 3⁷ x 7 + ... + 3¹⁹⁸⁷ x 7) nên B chia hết cho 13.

           B= (3 + 3³ + 3⁵ + 3⁷) +  ... + (3¹⁹⁸⁵ + 3¹⁹⁸⁷ + 3¹⁹⁸⁹ + 3¹⁹⁹¹).

             = 3 x (1 + 3² + 3⁴  + 3⁶) +  ... + 3¹⁹⁸⁵ x (1 + 3² + 3⁴ ​+ 3⁶).

             = 3 x 820 + ... + 3¹⁹⁸⁵ x 820= 3 x 20 x 41 + ... + 3¹⁹⁸⁵ x 20 x 41.

             = 41 x ( 3 x 20 + .. +  3¹⁹⁸⁵ x 20)

Vì B =41 x ( 3 x 20 + .. +  3¹⁹⁸⁵ x 20) nên B chia hết cho 41.

a) Ta có: \(A=3+3^3+3^5+...+3^{1991}\)

\(=\left(3+3^3+3^5\right)+\left(3^7+3^9+3^{11}\right)+...+\left(3^{1987}+3^{1989}+3^{1991}\right)\)

\(=3\times\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)+3^7\times\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)+...+3^{1987}\times\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)\)

\(=3\times91+3^7\times91+...+3^{1987}\times91\)

\(=3\times7\times13+3^7\times7\times13+...+3^{1987}\times7\times13\)

\(=13\times\left(3\times7+3^7\times7+...+3^{1987}\times7\right)\)

Vì \(A=13\times\left(3\times7+3^7\times7+...+3^{1987}\times7\right)\)nên A chia hết cho 13.

b) Ta có: \(A=3+3^3+3^5+...+3^{1991}\)

\(=\left(3+3^3+3^5+3^7\right)+...+\left(3^{1985}+3^{1987}+3^{1989}+3^{1991}\right)\)

\(=3\times\left(1+3^2+3^4+3^6\right)+...+3^{1985}\times\left(1+3^2+3^4+3^6\right)\)

\(=3\times820+...+3^{1985}\times820\)

\(=3\times20\times41+...+3^{1985}\times20\times41\)

\(=41\times\left(3\times20+...+3^{1985}\times20\right)\)

Vì \(A=41\times\left(3\times20+...+3^{1985}\times20\right)\)nên A chia hết cho 41.

Đcm

A={2+2^2}+{2^3+2^4}+.......+{2^59+2^60}

={2.1+2.2}+{2^3.1+2^3.2}+....+{2^59.1+2^59.2}

=2{1+2}+2^3{1+2}+...+2^59{1+2}

=2.3+2^3.3+.....+2^59.3

=3.(2+2^3+...+2^59)

vi co thua so 3 => tich do chia het cho 3

A={2+2^2}+{2^3+2^4}+.......+{2^59+2^60}

={2.1+2.2}+{2^3.1+2^3.2}+....+{2^59.1+2^59.2}

=2{1+2}+2^3{1+2}+...+2^59{1+2}

=2.3+2^3.3+.....+2^59.3

=3.(2+2^3+...+2^59)

vi co thua so 3 => tich do chia het cho 3

l = 1 + 3 + 3² + ... + 3¹⁹⁹¹

l = (1 + 3 + 3²) + ... + (3¹⁹⁸⁹ + 3¹⁹⁹⁰ + 3¹⁹⁹¹)

l = 1.13 + ...+ 3¹⁹⁸⁹.13

l = 13.( 1 + .... + 3¹⁹⁸⁹)

=> I chia hết cho 13

C=3 + 3^3 + 3^5 +...+ 3^1989 + 3^1991

C = ( 3 + 3^3 + 3^5 ) + ( 3^7 + 3^9 + 3^ 11 ) + ... + ( 3^1987 + 3^1989 + 3^1991 )

C = 273                   + 3^6 . ( 3 + 3^3 + 3^5 ) + ... + 3^1986 . ( 3 + 3^3 + 3^5 )

C = 273 + 3^6 . 273 + ... + 3^1986 . 273

C = 273 . ( 3^6 + ... + 3^1986 ) 

C = 21 . 13 . ( 3^6 + ... + 3^1986 ) chia hết 13  

C=3 + 3^3 + 3^5 +...+ 3^1989 + 3^1991

C = ( 3 + 3^3 + 3^5 + 3^7 ) + ( 3^9 + 3^11 + 3^ 13 + 3^15 ) +  ... + ( 3^1985 + 3^1987 + 3^1989 + 3^1991 )

C = 2460                       + 3^8 . ( 3 + 3^3 + 3^5 + 3^7 ) +  .... + 3^1984 . ( 3 + 3^3 + 3^5 + 3^7 )

C = 2460   + 3^8 . 2460 ... + 3^1984 . 2460

C = 2460 . ( 3^8 + ... + 3^1984 )

C = 60 . 41 . ( 3^8 + ... + 3^1984 ) chia hết 41

C=3.1+(3³.1+3³.3²)....(3¹⁹⁸⁹.1+3¹⁹⁸⁹.3²)

C=3.1+3³(1+3²)......3¹⁹⁸⁹(1+3²)        [ta có (1991-1) :2=995cặp]

C=3.1+3³.10+...+3¹⁹⁸⁹.10

C=(3+10).(3³+...3¹⁹⁸⁹)

C=13.(3³.3¹⁹⁸⁹)

vậy c chia hết cho 13 còn câu b cậu làm tương tự nhé!

có thể câu a mình làm sai. mong cậu thứ lỗi

a) Ta có: \(A=3+3^3+3^5+...+3^{1991}\)

\(=\left(3+3^3+3^5\right)+\left(3^7+3^9+3^{11}\right)+...+\left(3^{1987}+3^{1989}+3^{1991}\right)\)

\(=3\times\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)+3^7\times\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)+...+3^{1987}\times\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)\)

\(=3\times91+3^7\times91+...+3^{1987}\times91\)

\(=3\times7\times13+3^7\times7\times13+...+3^{1987}\times7\times13\)

\(=13\times\left(3\times7+3^7\times7+...+3^{1987}\times7\right)\)

Vì \(A=13\times\left(3\times7+3^7\times7+...+3^{1987}\times7\right)\)nên A chia hết cho 13.

b) Ta có: \(A=3+3^3+3^5+...+3^{1991}\)

\(=\left(3+3^3+3^5+3^7\right)+...+\left(3^{1985}+3^{1987}+3^{1989}+3^{1991}\right)\)

\(=3\times\left(1+3^2+3^4+3^6\right)+...+3^{1985}\times\left(1+3^2+3^4+3^6\right)\)

\(=3\times820+...+3^{1985}\times820\)

\(=3\times20\times41+...+3^{1985}\times20\times41\)

\(=41\times\left(3\times20+...+3^{1985}\times20\right)\)

Vì \(A=41\times\left(3\times20+...+3^{1985}\times20\right)\)nên A chia hết cho 41.

Chia hết cho 13 thì nhóm 3 số thành 1 cặp 

Ta có:

E=1+3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^1991

E=(1+3+3^2)+(3^3+3^4+3^5)+...+(3^1989+3^1990+3^1991)

E=13+3^3(1+3+3^2)+...+3^1989(1+3+3^2)

E=13+3^3.13+...+3^1989.13

E=13(1+3^3+...+3^1989) chia hết cho 13

còn chung minh chia hết cho 41 thì mik không biết

Ta có: \(B=3+3^3+3^5+...+3^{1991}\)

\(=\left(3+3^3+3^5\right)+\left(3^7+3^9+3^{11}\right)+...+\left(3^{1987}+3^{1989}+3^{1991}\right)\)

\(=3\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)+3^7\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)+...+3^{1987}\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)\)

\(=91\left(3+3^7+...+3^{1987}\right)⋮13^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)( vì 91 chia hết cho 33)

Phần còn lại chứng minh tương tự

Ta có: B= 3 + 3³ + 3⁵ + ... + 3¹⁹⁹¹= (3 + 3³ + 3⁵) + (3⁷+ 3⁹ + 3¹¹ ) + ... + (3¹⁹⁸⁷ + 3¹⁹⁸⁹ + 3¹⁹⁹¹).

             = 3 x (1 + 3² + 3⁴) + 3⁷ x (1 + 3² + 3⁴) + ... + 3¹⁹⁸⁷ x (1 + 3² + 3⁴).

             = 3 x 91 + 3⁷ x 91 + ... + 3¹⁹⁸⁷ x 91= 3 x 7 x 13 + 3⁷  x 7 x 13 + ... + 3¹⁹⁸⁷ x 7 x 13.

             = 13 x ( 3 x 7 + 3⁷ x 7 + ... + 3¹⁹⁸⁷ x 7).

Vì B = 13 x ( 3 x 7 + 3⁷ x 7 + ... + 3¹⁹⁸⁷ x 7) nên B chia hết cho 13.

           B= (3 + 3³ + 3⁵ + 3⁷) +  ... + (3¹⁹⁸⁵ + 3¹⁹⁸⁷ + 3¹⁹⁸⁹ + 3¹⁹⁹¹).

             = 3 x (1 + 3² + 3⁴  + 3⁶) +  ... + 3¹⁹⁸⁵ x (1 + 3² + 3⁴ ​+ 3⁶).

             = 3 x 820 + ... + 3¹⁹⁸⁵ x 820= 3 x 20 x 41 + ... + 3¹⁹⁸⁵ x 20 x 41.

             = 41 x ( 3 x 20 + .. +  3¹⁹⁸⁵ x 20)

Vì B =41 x ( 3 x 20 + .. +  3¹⁹⁸⁵ x 20) nên B chia hết cho 41.

b=(3+3² )+(3³+3⁴ )+...(3¹⁹⁹⁰+3¹⁹⁹¹)

=13+13.3³+... + 13. 3¹⁹⁹⁰

^{41 tương tự nhá}