2. \(2xy-4y+2y^2\)

 \(=2y\left(x-2+y\right)\)

a) \(3xy^2-12x\)

\(=3x\left(y^2-4\right)\)

Bài 1:

b: \(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)+4\left(x+2y\right)\)

\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y+4\right)\)

c: \(=\left(x+y-3\right)\left(x+y+3\right)\)

Bài 1: 

a: \(3xy^2-12x=3x\left(y^2-4\right)=3x\left(y-2\right)\left(y+2\right)\)

b: \(x^2-4y^2+4x+8y\)

\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)+4\left(x+2y\right)\)

\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y+4\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{x+2y}{\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)}-\dfrac{x}{x+2}\cdot\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)^2}{x\left(x-2y\right)}=\dfrac{1}{x-2y}-\dfrac{x+2}{x-2y}=\dfrac{-x-1}{x-2y}\)

\(B=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x^2-2xy+4y^2\right)\\ =\left(x+2y\right)\left(x^2-x.2y+\left(2y\right)^2\right)\\ =x^3+\left(2y\right)^3\\ =\left(-8\right)^3+\left(2.-2\right)^3\\ =\left(-8\right)^3+\left(-4\right)^3\\ =-512+\left(-64\right)\\ =-512-64=-576\)

\(B=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x^2-2xy+4y^2\right)\)

\(=x\left(x^2-2xy+4y^2\right)+2y\left(x^2-2xy+4y^2\right)\)

\(=x^3-2x^2y+4xy^2+2x^2y-4xy^2+8y^3\)

\(=x^3+8y^3+\left(-2x^2y+2x^2y\right)+\left(4xy^2-4xy^2\right)\)

\(=x^3+8y^3\)

Thay \(x=-8;y=-2\) vào \(B\), ta được:

\(B=\left(-8\right)^3+8\cdot\left(-2\right)^3\)

\(=-512-64\)

\(=-576\)

Vậy \(B=-576\) tại \(x=-8;y=-2.\)

#\(Toru\)

\(x^2+4y^2-5x+10y-4xy+20\)

\(=x^2-4xy+4y^2-2.\frac{5}{2}\left(x-2y\right)+\frac{25}{4}-\frac{25}{4}+20\)

\(=\left(x-2y\right)^2-2.\frac{5}{2}\left(x-2y\right)+\frac{25}{4}+\frac{55}{4}\)

\(=\left(x-2y-\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\frac{55}{4}\)Thay x - 2y = 5 ta được : 

\(=\left(5-\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\frac{55}{4}=20\)

\(B=x^2-2xy-2x+2y+y^2\)

\(=x^2-2xy+y^2-2\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)^2-2\left(x-1\right)\)Thay x = y + 1 => x - y = 1 ta được : 

\(=1-2=-1\)