Nguyễn Việt Lâm

Đề sai, nếu \(x+y+z=3\) thì vế phải là \(3\sqrt{3}\)

Muốn vế phải là 3 thì \(x+y+z=1\)

\(VT\le\sqrt{3\left(x+2y+y+2z+z+2x\right)}=\sqrt{9\left(x+y+z\right)}=3\sqrt{3}\)

Với mọi a;b;c không âm ta có:

\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)

Áp dụng:

a.

\(VT\le\sqrt{3\left(x+7+y+7+z+7\right)}=\sqrt{3\left(6+21\right)}=9\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=2\)

b.

\(VT\le\sqrt{3\left(3x+2y+3y+2z+3z+2x\right)}=\sqrt{15\left(x+y+z\right)}=\sqrt{15.6}=3\sqrt{10}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=2\)

c.

\(VT\le\sqrt{3\left(2x+5+2y+5+2z+5\right)}=\sqrt{3\left(2.6+15\right)}=9\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=2\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

\((\sqrt{x+2y}+\sqrt{y+2z}+\sqrt{z+2x})^2\leq [(x+2y)+(y+2z)+(z+2x)](1+1+1)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{x+2y}+\sqrt{y+2z}+\sqrt{z+2x})^2\leq 9(x+y+z)=9\)

\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{x+2y}+\sqrt{y+2z}+\sqrt{z+2x}\leq 3\)

Ta có đpcm

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{\sqrt{x+2y}}{1}=\frac{\sqrt{y+2z}}{1}=\frac{\sqrt{z+2x}}{1}\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\) hay $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$

.

sửa:\(\sqrt{x+2y}+\sqrt{y+2z}+\sqrt{z+2x}\)

Áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta có:

\(\sqrt{\left(x+2y\right).1}\le\frac{x+2y+1}{2}\)

\(\sqrt{\left(y+2z\right).1}\le\frac{y+2x+1}{2}\)

\(\sqrt{\left(z+2x\right).1}\le\frac{z+2x+1}{2}\)

Cộng từng vế đẳng thức trên ta được:

\(\sqrt{x+2y}+\sqrt{y+2z}+\sqrt{z+2x}\le\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)+3}{2}=3\)

Dấu"="xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x+2y=1;y+2z=1;z+2x=1;x=y=z;x+y+z=1\)

                       \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)

Vậy...

\(A=\sqrt{x^2+y\left(y-2x\right)}+\sqrt{y^2+z\left(z-2y\right)}+\sqrt{x^2+z\left(z-2x\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{x^2-2xy+y^2}+\sqrt{y^2-2yz-z^2}+\sqrt{x^2-2xz+z^2}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(y-z\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(z-x\right)^2}\)

\(=x-y+y-z+z-x\)

\(=0\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô si ta có:

\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}=2\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}};y+z\ge2\sqrt{yz}=2\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}};z+x\ge2\sqrt{xz}=2\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}.\)( vì xyz=1)

=> P\(\ge\)\(\frac{2x\sqrt{x}}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}\)+ \(\frac{2y\sqrt{y}}{z\sqrt{z}+2x\sqrt{x}}+\frac{2z\sqrt{z}}{x\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{y}}\)

Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}\\b=z\sqrt{z}+2x\sqrt{x}\\c=x\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{y}\end{cases}\left(a;b;c\ge0\right)}\)<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}4a+b=2c+9z\sqrt{z}\\4b+c=2a+9x\sqrt{x}\\4c+a=2b+9y\sqrt{y}\end{cases}}\)

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}z\sqrt{z}=\frac{4a+b-2c}{9}\\x\sqrt{x}=\frac{4b+c-2a}{9}\\y\sqrt{y}=\frac{4c+a-2b}{9}\end{cases}}\)

Do đó:

P \(\ge\)\(\frac{2}{9}\cdot\left(\frac{4a+b-2c}{c}+\frac{4b+c-2a}{a}+\frac{4c+a-2b}{b}\right)\)

<=> P \(\ge\)\(\frac{2}{9}\left(4\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\right)-6\right)\)

<=> P \(\ge\frac{2}{9}\cdot\left(4\cdot3\cdot\sqrt[3]{\frac{a}{c}\cdot\frac{b}{a}\cdot\frac{c}{b}}+3\cdot\sqrt[3]{\frac{b}{c}\cdot\frac{c}{a}\cdot\frac{a}{b}}-6\right)\)( Áp dụng BĐT Cô si cho 3 số ko âm)

<=> P \(\ge\frac{2}{9}\left(12+3-6\right)=2\)( đpcm)

Dấu = khi x=y=z=1.

Ta có BĐT sau: \(\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)(*)

Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\le2a^2+2b^2\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)

Áp dụng, ta được: \(\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}+\sqrt{2x}\right)^2\le2\left(x^2+1+2x\right)=2\left(x+1\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+1}+\sqrt{2x}\le\sqrt{2}\left(x+1\right)\)(1)

Tương tự, ta có: \(\sqrt{y^2+1}+\sqrt{2y}\le\sqrt{2}\left(y+1\right)\)(2); \(\sqrt{z^2+1}+\sqrt{2z}\le\sqrt{2}\left(z+1\right)\)(3)

Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz, ta được: \(\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\le\sqrt{3\left(x+y+z\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\le\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)\sqrt{3\left(x+y+z\right)}\)(Nhân 2 vế của bất đẳng thức với \(2-\sqrt{2}>0\))           (4)

Cộng theo vế của 4 BĐT (1), (2), (3), (4), ta được:

\(\sqrt{x^2+1}+\sqrt{y^2+1}+\sqrt{z^2+1}+\left(\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{2y}+\sqrt{2z}\right)\)\(+2\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)-\left(\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{2y}+\sqrt{2z}\right)\)\(\le\sqrt{2}\left(x+y+z+3\right)+\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)\sqrt{3\left(x+y+z\right)}\)

\(\le6\sqrt{2}+\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right).3=6+3\sqrt{2}\)(Do theo giả thiết thì \(x+y+z\le3\))

hay \(\sqrt{x^2+1}+\sqrt{y^2+1}+\sqrt{z^2+1}+2\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\le6+3\sqrt{2}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1

Vậy giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức là \(6+3\sqrt{2}\), đạt được khi x = y = z = 1

Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}=p\\\sqrt{y}=q\\\sqrt{z}=r\end{cases}}\). Khi đó \(\hept{\begin{cases}p+q+r=1\\p,q,r>0\end{cases}}\)

và ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{pq}{\sqrt{p^2+q^2+2r^2}}+\frac{qr}{\sqrt{q^2+r^2+2p^2}}+\frac{rp}{\sqrt{r^2+p^2+2q^2}}\le\frac{1}{2}\)

Ta có: \(\frac{pq}{\sqrt{p^2+q^2+2r^2}}=\frac{2pq}{\sqrt{\left(1+1+2\right)\left(p^2+q^2+2r^2\right)}}\)

\(\le\frac{2pq}{p+q+2r}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{pq}{p+r}+\frac{pq}{q+r}\right)\)(Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và BĐT \(\frac{1}{u}+\frac{1}{v}\ge\frac{4}{u+v}\)) (1)

Hoàn toàn tương tự: \(\frac{qr}{\sqrt{q^2+r^2+2p^2}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{qr}{q+p}+\frac{qr}{r+p}\right)\)(2); \(\frac{rp}{\sqrt{r^2+p^2+2q^2}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{rp}{r+q}+\frac{rp}{p+q}\right)\)(3)

Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{pq}{\sqrt{p^2+q^2+2r^2}}+\frac{qr}{\sqrt{q^2+r^2+2p^2}}+\frac{rp}{\sqrt{r^2+p^2+2q^2}}\)\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{r\left(p+q\right)}{p+q}+\frac{p\left(q+r\right)}{q+r}+\frac{q\left(r+p\right)}{r+p}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(p+q+r\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)(Do p + q + r = 1)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(p=q=r=\frac{1}{3}\)hay \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{9}\)