Gọi N là trung điểm BC

\(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MC}+2\overrightarrow{MB}+2\overrightarrow{OC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AD}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2\overrightarrow{MO}+2\overrightarrow{MB}+2\overrightarrow{OC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AD}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2\overrightarrow{MC}+2\overrightarrow{MB}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AD}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\left|\overrightarrow{MN}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{BD}\right|\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{BD}\right|=4\left|\overrightarrow{MN}\right|=4\left|\overrightarrow{DN}+\overrightarrow{MD}\right|\ge4MD-4DN\)

\(\Rightarrow4MD\le BD+4DN\)

\(\Leftrightarrow MD\le\dfrac{BD+4DN}{4}=\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}+2a\sqrt{5}}{4}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}{4}a\)

1.

Đặt \(P=\left|\overrightarrow{AD}+3\overrightarrow{AB}\right|\Rightarrow P^2=AD^2+9AB^2+6\overrightarrow{AD}.\overrightarrow{AB}\)

\(=AD^2+9AB^2=10AB^2=10a^2\)

\(\Rightarrow P=a\sqrt{10}\)

2.

Tam giác ABC đều nên AM là trung tuyến đồng thời là đường cao \(\Rightarrow AM\perp BM\)

\(AM=\dfrac{a\sqrt{3}}{2}\) ; \(BM=\dfrac{a}{2}\)

\(T=\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}\right|\)

\(\Rightarrow T^2=MA^2+4MB^2+4\overrightarrow{MA}.\overrightarrow{MB}=MA^2+4MB^2\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{a\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2+4\left(\dfrac{a}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{7a^2}{4}\Rightarrow T=\dfrac{a\sqrt{7}}{2}\)

3.

\(T=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CG}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CB}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\right|\)

\(=\left|\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right|\Rightarrow T^2=\dfrac{16}{9}AB^2+\dfrac{4}{9}AC^2-\dfrac{16}{9}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=\dfrac{20}{9}AB^2-\dfrac{16}{9}AB^2.cos60^0=\dfrac{20}{9}a^2-\dfrac{16}{9}a^2.\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{4}{3}a^2\)

\(\Rightarrow T=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{3}}\)

\(\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}=\overrightarrow{BM}+\overrightarrow{MA}=\overrightarrow{BA}\)(2)

\(\overrightarrow{MD}-\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{CM}+\overrightarrow{MD}=\overrightarrow{CD}\)(1)

Vì ABCD là hình vuông nên \(\overrightarrow{BA}=\overrightarrow{CD}\left(3\right)\)

Từ (1),(2),(3) suy ra \(\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}=\overrightarrow{MD}-\overrightarrow{MC}\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MD}\)

Chắc đề là: \(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{MD}\right|=a\) ?

\(\left|\overrightarrow{MO}+\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{MO}+\overrightarrow{OB}+\overrightarrow{MO}+\overrightarrow{OC}+\overrightarrow{MO}+\overrightarrow{OD}\right|=a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|4\overrightarrow{MO}+\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{OB}+\overrightarrow{OC}+\overrightarrow{OD}\right|=a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\left|\overrightarrow{MO}\right|=a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow MO=\dfrac{a}{4}\)

Tập hợp M là đường tròn tâm O bán kính \(\dfrac{a}{4}\)

Chọn C

\(\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{MD}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{MO}+\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{MO}+\overrightarrow{OB}+\overrightarrow{MO}+\overrightarrow{OC}+\overrightarrow{MO}+\overrightarrow{OD}=\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\overrightarrow{MO}+\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{OB}+\overrightarrow{OC}+\overrightarrow{OD}=2\overrightarrow{AO}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\overrightarrow{MO}=2\overrightarrow{OA}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{MO}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AO}\)

\(\Rightarrow M\) là trung điểm OA

C

Chọn B

Gọi N là trung điểm AB

\(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left|\overrightarrow{MN}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{BA}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow MN=\dfrac{a^2}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\Delta MAB\) vuông tại M

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(\Rightarrow MH^2=HA.HB\le\dfrac{\left(HA+HB\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{AB^2}{4}=\dfrac{a^2}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow MH\le\dfrac{a}{2}\)