Al, Fe không tác dụng với H₂SO₄ đặc nguội

Rắn không tan ở TN2 là Cu

m_Cu = 6,4 (g)

=> \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Cu + 2H₂SO₄ --> CuSO₄ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

           0,1-------------------------->0,1

=> V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)

a) Gọi số mol Mg, Al, Fe trong m gam hỗn hợp là a, b, c (mol)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

_______a--------------------->a------->a_______(mol)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

_b-------------------->b------->1,5b___________(mol)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

_c------------------>c------->c_______________(mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+1,5b+c=0,35\left(1\right)\\95a+133,5b+127c=35,55\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác:

PTHH: \(Mg+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgCl_2\)

_______a--------------->a_________(mol)

\(2Al+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2AlCl_3\)

_b----------------->b______________(mol)

\(2Fe+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\)

_c------------------>c______________(mol)

=> 95a + 133,5b + 162,5 = 39,1 (3)

(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 

=> m = 24.0,1 + 27.01 + 56.0,1 = 10,7(g)

b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=27.0,1=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56.0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol Zn, Al là a, b

=> 65a + 27b = 18,4 (1)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

           a----->2a------------->a

            2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

            b---->3b------------->1,5b

=> a + 1,5b = 0,5 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,2 ; b = 0,2

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) n_HCl(pư) = 2a + 3b = 1 (mol)

n_HCl(dư) = 0,6.2 - 1 = 0,2 (mol)

PTHH: KOH + HCl --> KCl + H₂O

           0,2<----0,2

=> \(V=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,6.2=1,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ a,n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=1,2-2.n_{H_2}=1,2-2.0,5=0,2\left(mol\right)\\PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+27b=18,4\\a+1,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right);m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ b,KOH+HCl_{dư}\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\\ n_{KOH}=n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)\)

a)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{HCl}=V\cdot C_M=2\cdot0,6=1,2mol\)

\(n_{\uparrow}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\)

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

 x         2x           x            x

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

 y         3y           y               1,5y

Ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+27y=18,4\\x+1,5y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Zn}=0,2\cdot65=13g\)

\(m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4g\)

b)Theo pt: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=2x+3y=2\cdot0,2+3\cdot0,2=1mol\)

Để trung hòa: \(n_{OH^-}=n_{H^+}=1mol\)

\(\Rightarrow V=\dfrac{n_{OH^-}}{C_M}=\dfrac{1}{1}=1l\)

\(2\left[H\right]+\left[O\right]->H_2O\\ n_{Cl}=n_H=2n_O=\dfrac{44,6-28,6}{16}.2=2mol\\ m_{muoi}=28,6+35,5.2=99,6g\)

Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(đk:a,b>0\right)\)

PTHH:

\(4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)

b--------------->0,5b

\(2Mg+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2MgO\)

a---------------->a

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\40a+102b=9,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=0,1\left(mol\right)\left(TM\right)\)\

PTHH:

\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

0,1----------------------------->0,1

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)+3H_2\uparrow\)

0,1----------------------------------->0,15

=> V = (0,1 + 0,15).22,4 = 5,6 (l)