\(-x^2+4xy-5y^2-8y-18\)

\(=-\left(x^2-4xy+4y\right)-\left(y^2+8y+16\right)-2\)

\(=-\left(x+2y\right)^2-\left(y+4\right)^2-2\)

Vì \(-\left(x+2y\right)^2\le0;-\left(y+4\right)^2\le\forall x;y\)

\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+2y\right)^2-\left(y+4\right)^2-2< 0\forall x;y\)

\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)

a) \(-x^2+4xy-5y^2-8y-18=-\left(x^2-4xy+5y^2+8y+18\right)\)

\(=-\left[\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(y^2+8y+16\right)+2\right]\)

\(=-\left[\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(y+4\right)^2+2\right]\)

Vì \(\left(x-2y\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\); \(\left(y+4\right)^2\ge0\forall y\); \(2>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(y+4\right)^2+2>0\)

\(\Rightarrow-\left[\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(y+4\right)^2+2\right]< 0\)

\(\Rightarrow-x^2+4xy-5y^2-8y-18\)luôn âm với mọi x ( đpcm )

\(A=\left(x^2+4y^2+25-4xy+10x-20y\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+1994\)

\(=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+1994\ge1994\)

\(A_{min}=1994\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a,x^2+5y^2+2x-4xy-10y+14\)

\(=x^2+2x-4xy+5y^2-10y+14\)

\(=x^2+2x\left(1-2y\right)+5y^2-10y+14\)

\(=x^2+2.x.\left(1-2y\right)+\left(1-2y\right)^2+5y^2-10y-\left(1-2y\right)^2+14\)

\(=\left(x+1-2y\right)^2+5y^2-10y-\left(1-4y+4y^2\right)+14\)

\(=\left(x+1-2y\right)^2+5y^2-10y-1+4y-4y^2+14\)

\(=\left(x+1-2y\right)^2+y^2-6y+13=\left(x+1-2y\right)^2+y^2-2.y.3+9+4\)

\(=\left(x+1-2y\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+4\ge4>0\) với mọi x,y (đpcm)

b,tương tự

a/

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+4y^2+1-4xy+2x-4y\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)-19=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y+1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2=19\)

Do 19 không thể phân tích thành tổng của 2 số chính phương nên pt vô nghiệm

b/

\(\left(4x^2+4y^2+8xy\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+2y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\)

Do x; y nguyên dương nên \(\left(2x+2y\right)^2>0\Rightarrow VT>0\)

Pt vô nghiệm

c/

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+4y^2+25-4xy+10x-20y+25\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+\left|x+y+z\right|=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left|x+y+z\right|=0\)

Do x;y;z nguyên dương nên \(\left|x+y+z\right|>0\Rightarrow VT>0\)

Vậy pt vô nghiệm

d/

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx\right)+\left(x^2+10x+25\right)+\left(y^2+6y+9\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x+5\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2=0\)

Do x;y;z nguyên dương nên vế phái luôn dương

Pt vô nghiệm

\(M=2x^2+9y^2-6xy-6x-12y+2028\\ =3\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-\left(x^2+6x+9\right)+6\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2025\\ =\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(x-3\right)^2+6\left(y-1\right)^2+2025\ge2025\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) (vô lí) nên dấu \("="\) ko thể xảy ra

\(N=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28\\ =\left(x^2+4y^2+25-4xy-20y+10x\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2\\=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2y=5\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=7\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(M=2x^2+9y^2-6xy-6x-12y+2028=\left(x+2\right)^2-6y\left(x+2\right)+9y^2+\left(x-5\right)^2+1999=\left(x+2-3y\right)^2+\left(x-5\right)^2+2019\ge1999\)

\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=\dfrac{7}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(N=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28=\left(x+5\right)^2-4y\left(x+5\right)+4y^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2=\left(x+5-2y\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)

\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

GTNN nak !!!

\(B=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28\)

\(=\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(10x-20y\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+27\)

\(=\left[\left(x-2y\right)^2+10\left(x-2y\right)+25\right]+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2\)

\(=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\) có GTNN là 2

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-2y+5=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-3\\y=1\end{cases}}}\)

Vậy \(B_{min}=2\) tại \(x=-3;y=1\)

bạn sai đề nha. là x^2. 2x^2 thì k giải đc đâu

\(C=\left(x^2+4y^2+25-4xy+10x-20y\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\Rightarrow MinC=2\Leftrightarrow y=1;x=-3\)