`C1:`

`2NaOH+H_2 SO_4 ->Na_2 SO_4 +2H_2 O`

`n_[H_2 SO_4]=0,2.1=0,2(mol)`

`n_[NaOH]=[200.10]/[100.40]=0,5(mol)`

Ta có: `[0,2]/1 < [0,5]/2=>NaOH` dư, `H_2 SO_4` hết.

   `=>` Quỳ tím chuyển xanh.

`C2:`

`SO_3 +H_2 O->H_2 SO_4`

`0,2`                            `0,2`          `(mol)`

`n_[SO_3]=16/80=0,2(mol)`

   `C_[M_[H_2 SO_4]]=[0,2]/[0,25]=0,8(M)`

Câu 1 : 

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{8.4}{24}=0.35\left(mol\right)\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(0.35.......0.7.........0.35..........0.35\)

\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.7\cdot36.5}{146}\cdot100\%=17.5\%\)

\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=8.4+146-0.35\cdot2=153.7\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0.35\cdot95}{153.7}\cdot100\%=21.6\%\)

Câu 2 :

\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{114.1\cdot8\%}{36.5}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)

\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)

\(1................2\)

\(0.1.............0.25\)

\(LTL:\dfrac{0.1}{1}< \dfrac{0.25}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\)

\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=10+114.1-0.1\cdot44=119.7\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0.25-0.2\right)\cdot36.5}{119.7}\cdot100\%=1.52\%\)

\(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot111}{119.7}\cdot100\%=18.54\%\)

Câu 3 : 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(0.3.......0.6......................0.3\)

\(m_{Fe}=0.3\cdot56=16.8\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{dd_{HCl}}=150\cdot1.2=180\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.6\cdot36.5}{180}\cdot100\%=12.16\%\)

\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.6}{0.15}=4\left(M\right)\)

C%NaOH=\(\dfrac{20}{200}100\)=10%

2 

mNaCl= 34g

=>C%NaCl=\(\dfrac{34}{200}.100\)=17%

3

m KOH=20g

=>C%=\(\dfrac{35}{15+200}\)=16,279%

4

C%KCl=\(\dfrac{25}{275}100\)=9,09%

a) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{146.5\%}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CuO + 2HCl --> CuCl₂ + H₂O

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{2}\) => CuO hết, HCl dư

=> dd sau phản ứng chứa CuCl₂, HCl dư

b) 

PTHH: CuO + 2HCl --> CuCl₂ + H₂O

           0,05-->0,1------>0,05

m_{dd sau pư} = 4 + 146 = 150 (g)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05.135}{150}.100\%=4,5\%\\C\%_{HCldư}=\dfrac{\left(0,2-0,1\right).36,5}{150}.100\%=2,433\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) 

PTHH: NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H₂O

            CuCl₂ + 2NaOH --> 2NaCl + Cu(OH)₂

             0,05--------------------------->0,05

             Cu(OH)₂ --t^o--> CuO + H₂O

               0,05----------->0,05

=> \(a=m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05.98=4,9\left(g\right)\)

=> \(b=m_{CuO}=0,05.80=4\left(g\right)\)

a) Ta có: \(n_{NaCl}=\dfrac{5,85}{58,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2\left(M\right)=\left[Na^+\right]=\left[Cl^-\right]\)

b) Ta có: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{34,2}{171}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) 

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,5}=0,4\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=0,4\left(M\right)\\\left[OH^-\right]=0,8\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,025\cdot2=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,125+0,025}\approx0,33\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[H^+\right]=0,66\left(M\right)\\\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=0,33\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a,C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{15}{15+185}.100\%=7,5\%\\ b,m_{HNO_3}=\dfrac{18,9}{100}.100+\dfrac{6,3}{100}.200=31,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHNO_3}=100+200=300\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{HNO_3}=\dfrac{31,5}{300}.100\%=10,5\%\)

\(c,n_{NaCl}=\dfrac{5,85}{58,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ C_{M\left(NaCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1M\\ d,n_{KOH}=2.0,2+0,2.0,2=0,44\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddKOH}=0,2+0,2=0,4\left(l\right)\\ C_{M\left(KOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,44}{0,4}=1,1M\\ e,m_{NaOH}=\dfrac{150.16}{100}=24\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddNaOH}=50+150=200\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{24}{200}.100\%=12\%\)

Đáp án B

Dung dịch X tạo kết tủa với CaCl₂ sau phản ứng trong dung dịch còn muối Cl^-

→ Dung dịch X chứa muối PO₄^3- và HPO₄^2-;đặt số mol mỗi muối là x mol.

PTHH: H₃PO₄ + 3OH^- → PO₄^3-+ 3H₂O. và H₃PO₄ + 2OH^- → HPO₄^2- + 2H₂O.

⇒ Ta có: 5x = 0,5 mol → x = 0,1 mol →∑n_P= 0,2 mol.

Bảo toàn P tính được n_P2O₅ = 0,1 mol → m = 14,2 gam