\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{20.52}{171}=0.12\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1.12}{22.4}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=a\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_H=0.12\cdot2+a+0.05\cdot2=0.34+a\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=0.17+0.5a\left(mol\right)\)

\(BTKL:\)

\(21.9+\left(0.17+0.5a\right)\cdot18=20.52+40a+0.05\cdot2\)

\(\Rightarrow a=0.14\)

\(m_{NaOH}=0.14\cdot40=5.6\left(g\right)\)

Quy đôi A gồm : Na,Ba và O

n Ba = n Ba(OH)2 = 20,52/171 = 0,12(mol)

Gọi n Na = a(mol) ; n O = b(mol)

=> 23a + 16b + 0,12.137 = 21,9(1)

n H2 = 1,12/22,4 = 0,05(mol)

Bảo toàn e : 

$Na^0 \to Na^+ + 1e$
$Ba^0 \to Ba^{+2} + 2e$
$O^0 + 2e \to O^{-2}$

$2H^+ 2e \to H_2$
=> a + 0,12.2 = 2b + 0,05.2(2)

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,14

n NaOH = n Na = 0,14 mol

=> m NaOH = 0,14.40 = 5,6(gam)

BTKL ?

Đặt x,y, z lần lượt là số mol của Na,Al,Mg trong m gam hỗn hợp A

m gam A + H2O dư

\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)

x--------------------x--------->0,5x

2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2

x<------x-------------------------------------->1,5x

=> \(0,5x+1,5x=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) (1)

2m gam A + NaOH

\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)

2x------------------------------->x

2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2

2y---------------------------------------------->3y

=> \(x+3y=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\) (2) 

3m gam A + HCl

\(Na+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)

3x--------------------------->1,5x

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

3y----------------------------->4,5y

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

3z----------------------------->3z

=> \(1,5x+4,5y+3z=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)\) (3)

Từ (1), (2), (3) =>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=\dfrac{7}{60}\\z=\dfrac{2}{15}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(m_{Na}=0,05.23=1,15\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Al}=\dfrac{7}{60}.27=3,15\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2}{15}.24=3,2\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m=1,15+3,15+3,2=7,5\left(g\right)\)

=> \(\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{1,15}{7,5}.100=15,33\%\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{3,15}{7,5}.100=42\%\)

\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,2}{7,5}.100=42,67\%\)

\(2Na+2H2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H2\left(1\right)\)

\(2Al+2NaOH+2H2O\rightarrow2NaAlO2+3H2\left(2\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl3+3H2\left(3\right)\)

\(2Na+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H2\left(4\right)\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl2+H2\left(5\right)\)

\(n_{H2\left(1\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{Na}=0,2\left(mol\right)\rightarrow m_{Na}=4,6\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{H2\left(2\right)}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al}=7,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H2\left(3\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H2\left(4\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H2\left(5\right)}=1-0,4-0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=12\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m=12+4,6+7,2=23,8\left(g\right)\)

\(\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{4,6}{23,8}.100\%=19,33\%\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{7,2}{23,8}.100\%=30,25\%\)

\(\%m_{Mg}=100-19,33-30,25=50,42\%\)

Chúc bạn học tốt

PT: \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)

\(Ba+2H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\)

Ta có: 23n_Na + 137n_Ba = 18,3 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}+n_{Ba}=0,2\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Ba}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đáp án C

2Al + 2NaOH + 2H₂O → 2NaAlO₂ + 3H₂

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂