ta co pthh

Fe3O4+4 H2 \(\rightarrow\)3Fe +4 H2O

ZnO+H2 \(\rightarrow\)Zn + H2O

Theo de bai ta co nH2= \(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)

goi x la so mol cua H2 tham gia vao pthh 1

so mol cua H2 tham gia vao pthh 2 la 0,3-x mol

theo pthh 1 nFe3O4= \(\dfrac{1}{4}nH2=\dfrac{1}{4}x\) mol

theo pthh 2 nZnO=nH2= 0,3-x mol

theo de bai ta co

232.\(\dfrac{1}{4}x\)+ 81.(0,3-x)=19,7

\(\Leftrightarrow\)58x + 24,3 -81x = 19,7

\(\Leftrightarrow\)-23x=19,7-24,3

\(\Leftrightarrow\)-23x=-4,6

\(\Rightarrow\)x= \(\dfrac{-4,6}{-23}=0,2mol\)

\(\Rightarrow\)nFe3O4=\(\dfrac{1}{4}nH2=\dfrac{1}{4}.0,2=0,05mol\)

nZnO=nH2=0,3-0,2=0,1 mol

\(\Rightarrow\)Khoi luong moi oxit trong hh la

mFe3O4=232.0,05=11,6 g

mZnO= mhh-mFe3O4=19,7-11,6=8,1 g

Theo pthh1 nFe= \(\dfrac{3}{4}nH2=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,2=0,15mol\)

\(\Rightarrow\)mFe= 0,15.56=8,4 g

theo pthh 2 nZn=nH2= 0,1 mol

\(\Rightarrow\)mZn=0,1.65=6,5 g

Ta có n_H2 = \(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}\) = 0,3 ( mol )

Fe₃O₄ + 4H₂ \(\rightarrow\) 3Fe + 4H₂O

x................4x.......3x.........4x

ZnO + H₂ \(\rightarrow\) Zn + H₂O

y...........y.........y........y

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}232x+81y=19,7\\4x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, => m_Fe3O4 = 232 . 0,05 = 11,6 ( gam )

=> m_ZnO = 81 . 0,1 = 8,1 ( gam )

b, => m_Fe = 56 . ( 0,05 . 3 ) = 8,4 ( gam )

=> m_Zn = 65 . 0,1 = 6,5 ( gam )

c,

Mg + H₂SO₄ \(\rightarrow\) MgSO₄ + H₂

0,3........0,3............0,3.........0,3

=> m_Mg = 0,3 . 24 = 7,2 ( gam )

=> m_H2SO4 = 98 . 0,3 = 29,4 ( gam )

=> m_{H2SO4 cần dùng} = 29,4 : 90 . 100 = \(\dfrac{49}{15}\) ( gam )

Tính %m mỗi oxit chứ:v

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_3O_4}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{ZnO}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}3Fe+4H_2O\)

 x --------> 4x ---> 3x

\(ZnO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Zn+H_2O\)

y ------> y --> y

Có hệ phương trình \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}232x+81y=19,7\\4x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%_{m_{Fe_3O_4}}=\dfrac{232.0,05.100}{19,7}=58,88\%\)

\(\%_{m_{ZnO}}=\dfrac{81.0,1.100}{19,7}=41,12\%\)

\(n_{Fe}=3x=3.0,05=0,15\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\\ n_{Zn}=y=0,1\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)

Bài 1:

a) PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe+2H_2O\)

                \(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)

b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=20\cdot80\%=16\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=20-16=4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=3n_{Fe_2O_3}+n_{CuO}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,35\cdot22,4=7,84\left(l\right)\)

c) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{hhB}=m_{Fe}+m_{Cu}=0,2\cdot56+0,05\cdot64=14,4\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2:

PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)

            \(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)

a) Vì khối lượng Cu bằng \(\dfrac{6}{5}\) khối lượng Fe 

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu}=\dfrac{26,4}{6+5}\cdot6=14,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=26,4-14,4=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,4}{64}=0,225\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=\dfrac{12}{56}=\dfrac{3}{14}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe}+n_{Cu}=\dfrac{9}{28}+0,225=\dfrac{153}{280}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=\dfrac{153}{280}\cdot22,4=12,24\left(l\right)\)

b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{28}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=n_{Cu}=0,225\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{3}{28}\cdot160\approx17,14\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=0,225\cdot80=18\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{hh}=35,14\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{17,14}{35,14}\cdot100\%\approx48,78\%\\\%m_{CuO}=51,22\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 3:

PTHH: \(CuO+CO\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+CO_2\uparrow\)

            \(Fe_3O_4+4CO\xrightarrow[]{t^o}3Fe+4CO_2\uparrow\)

a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{31,2+15,2}{2}=23,2\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=31,2-23,2=8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{23,2}{232}=0,1\left(mol\right)=\dfrac{8}{80}=n_{CuO}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,3\cdot56=16,8\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=0,1\cdot64=6,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Theo các PTHH: \(n_{CO}=n_{CO_2}=n_{Cu}+\dfrac{4}{3}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{7}{30}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{CO}=V_{CO_2}=\dfrac{7}{30}\cdot22,4\approx5,23\left(l\right)\)  

)

....1................1..................1............1(mol)

0,3................0,3................0,3.........0,3(mol)

a) Gọi số mol H₂ là x

=> \(n_{H_2O}=x\left(mol\right)\)

Theo ĐLBTKL: \(m_A+m_{H_2}=m_B+m_{H_2O}\)

=> 200 + 2x = 156 + 18x

=> x = 2,75 (mol)

=> \(V_{H_2}=2,75.22,4=61,6\left(l\right)\)

b) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=1,5a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> 80a + 240a + 102b = 200

=> 320a + 102b = 200

PTHH: CuO + H₂ --t^o--> Cu + H₂O

              a---------------->a

            Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂ --t^o--> 2Fe + 3H₂O

             1,5a------------------>3a

=> 64a + 168a + 102b = 156

=> 232a + 102b = 156

=> a = 0,5; b = \(\dfrac{20}{51}\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,5.80}{200}.100\%=20\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,75.160}{200}.100\%=60\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{20}{51}.102}{200}.100\%=20\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,75}{5}=0,55\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{FeO\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{36}{72}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol FeO phản ứng là t (mol)

PTHH: FeO + H₂ --t^o--> Fe + H₂O

              t--------------->t

=> 56t + (0,5-t).72 = 29,6

=> t = 0,4 (mol)

=> \(H\%=\dfrac{0,4}{0,5}.100\%=80\%\)

Fe₂O₃+3H₂-to>2Fe+3H₂O

0,05-----0,15------0,1

CuO+H₂-to>Cu+H₂O

0,05---0,05-----0,05

ta có CuOchiếm 33,3%

=> m _CuO=12.\(\dfrac{33,3}{100}\)= 4g

=>n _CuO=\(\dfrac{4}{80}\)=0,05 mol

=>m _Fe2O3=12-4=8g

->n _Fe2O3=\(\dfrac{8}{160}\)=0,05 mol

=>V_H2= 0,2.22,4=4,48l

=>m Y=0,1.56+0,05.64=8,8g

Gọi số mol CuO, Fe_xO_y là a, b (mol)

=> 80a + (56x + 16y)b = 24 (1)

PTHH: CuO + H₂ --t^o--> Cu + H₂O

              a--------------->a

            Fe_xO_y + yH₂ --t^o--> xFe + yH₂O

               b----------------->bx

=> 64a + 56bx = 17,6 (2)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

            bx------------------->bx

=> bx = \(\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\) (3)

(2)(3) => a = 0,1 (mol)

(1) => 56bx +16by = 16

=> by = 0,3 (mol)

=> \(\dfrac{bx}{by}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,3}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{2}{3}\) 

=> CTHH: Fe₂O₃

\(Đặt:n_{CuO}=a\left(mol\right);n_{PbO}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1,35}{18}=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}Cu+H_2O\\ PbO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}Pb+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80a+223b=8,145\\a+b=0,075\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,06\\b=0,015\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,06.80}{8,145}.100\approx58,932\%\\ \Rightarrow\%_{PbO}\approx41,068\%\)