PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (1)

            \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (2)

Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol của ZnCl₂ là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)

Gọi số mol của FeCl₂ là b \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình: 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,2\\136a+127b=26,3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,4\cdot36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)

a) \(2M+2nHCl\rightarrow2MCl_n+nH_2\)

\(n_M=\dfrac{2}{n}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,5}{n}\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có : \(M_M=\dfrac{16,25}{\dfrac{0,5}{n}}=32,5n\)

Chạy nghiệm n 

n=1 => M=32,5 (loại)

n=2 => M=65 ( chọn)

n=3 => M=97,5 (loại)

Vậy M là Zn

b) Ta có : \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5\left(lít\right)\)

fe+2hcl---->fecl2+ h2

zn+2hcl-----> zncl2+ h2

goi so mol cua fe va zn lan luot la x, y(x,y>0)

ta co he pt

(1) 56x+65y=12.1

(2) x+y=4.48/22.4=0.2

rui ban giai ra la duoc

b> xet 2pt thay n HCL= 2nH2===> mHCL= 2*0.2*3605=.....

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ a,\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,02.56}{4,36}.100\approx25,688\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Ag}\approx74,312\%\\ b,Ta.thấy:2,18=\dfrac{1}{2}.4,36\\ \Rightarrow m_{hh\left(câuB\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}.m_{hh\left(câuA\right)}\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,02}{2}=0,01\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ag}=\dfrac{2,18-0,01.56}{108}=0,015\left(mol\right)\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ 2Ag+Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2AgCl\\ n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Fe}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Ag}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,01+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,015=0,0225\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{Cl_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0225.22,4=0,504\left(l\right)\)

- Cho 4,95 (g) R pư với HCl, thấy kim loại dư.

Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{5,475}{36,5}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(R+2HCl\rightarrow RCl_2+H_2\)

\(n_{R\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{R\left(banđau\right)}>0,075\Rightarrow\dfrac{4,95}{M_R}>0,075\Rightarrow M_R< 66\left(g/mol\right)\) (1)

- Cho 18,6 (g) hh Fe và R pư với H₂SO₄ dư.

PT: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

\(R+H_2SO_4\rightarrow RSO_4+H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{hh}=n_{Fe}+n_R=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\overline{M_{hh}}=\dfrac{18,6}{0,3}=62\left(g/mol\right)\)

Mà: M_Fe < 62 (g/mol) → M_R > 62 (g/mol) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ 62 < M_R < 66

→ R là Zn (65 g/mol)

a) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow56a+65b=12,1\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(2n_{Fe}+2n_{Zn}=2n_{H_2}\) \(\Rightarrow2a+2b=0,4\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{12,1}\cdot100\%\approx46,28\%\\\%m_{Zn}=53,72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe}=n_{Zn}=n_{ZnSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\cdot110\%=0,22\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeSO_4}=0,1\cdot152=15,2\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=0,1\cdot161=16,1\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,22-0,2\right)\cdot98=1,96\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=211,7\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{15,2}{211,7}\cdot100\%\approx7,18\%\\C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{16,1}{211,7}\cdot100\%\approx7,61\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1,96}{22,4}\cdot100\%\approx0,93\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow65x+24y=8,9\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+y=0,2\left(2\right)\\ \left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+24y=8,9\\x+y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot65}{8,9}\cdot100\%\approx73\%\\ \Rightarrow\%_{Mg}=100\%-73\%=27\%\)

\(n_{HCl}=2x+2y=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{HCl}}=0,4\cdot36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{14,6\cdot100\%}{14,6\%}=100\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,224}{22,4}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)

       1          2             1           1

     0,01     0,02                     0,01

a) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,01.1}{1}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

   \(m_{Fe}=0,01.56=0,56\left(g\right)\)

  \(m_{Cu}=1,2-0,56=0,64\left(g\right)\)

⁰/₀Fe = \(\dfrac{0,56.100}{1,2}=46,67\)⁰/₀

 ⁰/₀Cu = \(\dfrac{0,64.100}{1,2}=53,33\)⁰/₀

b) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,01.2}{1}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{HCl}=0,02.36,5=0,73\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,73.100}{10}=7,3\)⁰/₀

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