Lời giải:

Vì \(a+b+c=6\) nên BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:

\(\frac{ab}{2b+c+a+b+c}+\frac{bc}{2c+a+a+b+c}+\frac{ca}{2a+b+a+b+c}\leq 1(*)\)

Thật vậy, áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(\frac{ab}{2b+c+a+b+c}=\frac{ab}{(b+c)+(c+a)+2b}\leq \frac{ab}{9}\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{2b}\right)\)

Hoàn toàn tương tự:

\(\frac{bc}{2c+a+a+b+c}\leq \frac{bc}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{2c}\right)\)

\(\frac{ca}{2a+b+a+b+c}\leq \frac{ca}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2a}\right)\)

Cộng các BĐT vừa thu được lại ta có:

\(\text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ab+ac}{b+c}+\frac{ab+bc}{a+c}+\frac{bc+ca}{a+b}+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\frac{1}{9}\left(6+\frac{6}{2}\right)=1\)

BĐT \((*)\) hoàn tất, ta có đpcm.

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(\text{VT}=\frac{ab}{6+2b+c}+\frac{bc}{6+2c+a}+\frac{ca}{6+2a+b}=\frac{ab}{a+b+c+2b+c}+\frac{bc}{a+b+c+2c+a}+\frac{ca}{a+b+c+2a+b}\)

\(=\frac{ab}{2b+(a+c)+(b+c)}+\frac{bc}{2c+(a+b)+(a+c)}+\frac{ca}{2a+(b+a)+(b+c)}\)

\(\leq \frac{ab}{9}\left(\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)+\frac{bc}{9}\left(\frac{1}{2c}+\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+\frac{ca}{9}\left(\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{b+a}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\)

\(\text{VT}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{18}+\frac{ab+bc}{9(a+c)}+\frac{ab+ac}{9(b+c)}+\frac{bc+ac}{9(a+b)}\)

\(\text{VT}\leq \frac{(a+b+c)}{6}=\frac{6}{6}=1\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=2$

Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{c}\ge\dfrac{ab}{2}+\dfrac{bc}{2}+\dfrac{ca}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-\dfrac{a^2}{2}+b^2-\dfrac{b^2}{2}+c^2-\dfrac{c^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{ab}{2}+\dfrac{bc}{2}+\dfrac{ca}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2}{4}\) (1)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2}=2ab\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)

Tương tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4bc\\\left(c+a\right)^2\ge4ca\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a+b\right)^2c+\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4abc+\left(a+b\right)^2\\\left(b+c\right)^2a+\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4abc+\left(b+c\right)^2\\\left(c+a\right)^2b+\left(c+a\right)^2\ge4abc+\left(c+a\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+1\right)\ge4abc+\left(a+b\right)^2\\\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+1\right)\ge4abc+\left(b+c\right)^2\\\left(c+a\right)^2\left(b+1\right)\ge4abc+\left(c+a\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{8}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+1\right)}\le\dfrac{8}{4abc+\left(a+b\right)^2}\\\dfrac{8}{\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+1\right)}\le\dfrac{8}{4abc+\left(b+c\right)^2}\\\dfrac{8}{\left(c+a\right)^2\left(b+1\right)}\le\dfrac{8}{4abc+\left(c+a\right)^2}\end{matrix}\right.\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{8}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+1\right)}+\dfrac{8}{\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+1\right)}+\dfrac{8}{\left(c+a\right)^2\left(b+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a^2\right)}{4}\) (3)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{8}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{c+1}}=\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(c+1\right)}}\)

Tương tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{8}{\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(a+1\right)}}\\\dfrac{8}{\left(c+a\right)^2\left(b+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{4}\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(b+1\right)}}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{8}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+1\right)}+\dfrac{8}{\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+1\right)}+\dfrac{8}{\left(c+a\right)^2\left(b+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a^2\right)}{4}\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(c+1\right)}}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(a+1\right)}}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(b+1\right)}}\)(4)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2\left(c+1\right)}\le\dfrac{c+3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(c+1\right)}}\ge\dfrac{8}{c+3}\)

Tượng tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(a+1\right)}}\ge\dfrac{8}{a+3}\\\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(b+1\right)}}\ge\dfrac{8}{b+3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(c+1\right)}}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(a+1\right)}}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(b+1\right)}}\ge\dfrac{8}{a+3}+\dfrac{8}{b+3}+\dfrac{8}{c+3}\) (5)

Từ điều (3) , (4) , (5)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{8}{\left(a+b\right)^2+4abc}+\dfrac{8}{\left(b+c\right)^2+4abc}+\dfrac{8}{\left(c+a\right)^2+4abc}+a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{8}{a+3}+\dfrac{8}{b+3}+\dfrac{8}{c+3}\) ( đpcm )

\(VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}}\\ VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{ac+ab+bc+c^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a^2+ac+ab+bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{ab+bc+b^2+ac}}\\ VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{ca}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}\right)}{2}\\ \Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{2}{2}=1\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

Do a;b;c là độ dài 3 cạnh của tam giác

\(\Rightarrow abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(a+c-b\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+15abc\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+\dfrac{45}{4}abc\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)

\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+4abc\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)^3-\dfrac{29}{4}abc\)

Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:

\(\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)^3-\dfrac{29}{4}abc\ge\dfrac{13}{27}\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3\ge27abc\) (hiển nhiên đúng theo AM-GM)

Lời giải:

\(Q=\frac{ab}{c+ab}+\frac{ac}{b+ac}+\frac{bc}{a+bc}-\frac{1}{4abc}=\frac{ab}{c(a+b+c)+ab}+\frac{ac}{b(a+b+c)+ac}+\frac{bc}{a(a+b+c)+bc}-\frac{1}{4abc}\)

\(=\frac{ab}{(c+a)(c+b)}+\frac{ac}{(b+a)(b+c)}+\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}-\frac{1}{4abc}\)

\(=\frac{ab(a+b)+ac(a+c)+bc(b+c)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}-\frac{1}{4abc}\)

\(=\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)-2abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}-\frac{1}{4abc}\) (đẳng thức quen thuộc \((a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)+2abc\) )

\(=1-\left(\frac{2abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}+\frac{1}{4abc}\right)\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(\frac{2abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}+\frac{1}{108abc}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{54(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}}\).

Mà \(2=(a+b)+(b+c)+(c+a)\geq 3\sqrt[3]{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\Rightarrow (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\leq \frac{8}{27}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{2abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}+\frac{1}{108abc}\geq \frac{1}{2}\)

\(1=a+b+c\geq 3\sqrt[3]{abc}\Rightarrow abc\leq \frac{1}{27}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{13}{54abc}\geq \frac{13}{2}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{2abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}+\frac{1}{4abc}\geq 7\)

\(\Rightarrow Q\leq 1-7=-6=Q_{\max}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$

\(\dfrac{bc}{a+b+c+a}\le\dfrac{bc}{4}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\\ \dfrac{ac}{b+c+a+b}\le\dfrac{ac}{4}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)\\ \dfrac{ab}{a+c+b+c}\le\dfrac{ab}{4}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{a+b}\left(\dfrac{bc}{4}+\dfrac{ac}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\left(\dfrac{bc}{4}+\dfrac{ab}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\left(\dfrac{ac}{4}+\dfrac{ab}{4}\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{a+b}\cdot\dfrac{c\left(a+b\right)}{4}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\cdot\dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{4}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\cdot\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4}\\ =\dfrac{c}{4}+\dfrac{b}{4}+\dfrac{a}{4}\\ =\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\left(đfcm\right)\)