Giả sử có 1 mol M₂CO₃.10H₂O \(\Rightarrow\) n_M2CO3 = 1mol

M₂CO₃ + BaCl₂ \(\rightarrow\) BaCO₃ + 2MCl (1)

1mol 1mol 1 mol 2mol

\(\Rightarrow\) m _ddBaCl2 = 1.208. \(\frac{100}{5}\)= 4160 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{2.\left(M+35,5\right)}{4160+1.\left(2M+240\right)-1.197}\) = \(\frac{2,7536}{100}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) M = 23 \(\Rightarrow\) M là Na

\(\Rightarrow\) M₂CO₃.10H₂O

Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeCl_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCl_2}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PT: \(FeCl_3+3KOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_{3\downarrow}+3KCl\)

______x_________3x_________x (mol)

\(MgCl_2+2KOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}+2KCl\)

____y_________2y_________y (mol)

Ta có: \(n_{KOH}=0,2.2,5=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ 3x + 2y = 0,5 (1)

m _{kết tủa} = 16,5 ⇒ 107x + 58y = 16,5 (2)

Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ x = y = 0,1 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{FeCl_3}}=C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2\left(M\right)\)

\(FeCl_3+3KOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3KCl\\ MgCl_2+2KOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2KCl\)

\(n_{KOH}=0,2\cdot2,5=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

Đặt n_FeCl₃ trong 500ml X là a mol, n_MgCl₂ trong 500ml X là b mol

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+2b=0,5\\107a+58b=16,5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow C_MFeCl_3=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2\left(M\right)\\ C_MMgCl_2=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2\left(M\right)\)

Cho Ba(OH)₂ vào muối Al sẽ có 2TH sau:

TH1: kết tủa Al(OH)₃ chưa bị hòa tan

Al³⁺ + 3OH^– → Al(OH)₃↓

→ n_Al(OH)3 = n_Al3+ → n_Al(OH)3 = xn + 0,04n

TH2: kết tủa Al(OH)₃ bị hòa tan một phần

Al³⁺                 + 3OH^–                → Al(OH)₃↓

(xn + 0,04n)→ 3(xn + 0,04n)    (xn + 0,04n)

Al(OH)₃                 + OH^–           → AlO₂^– + 2H₂O

0,952 – 3(xn + 0,04n) ←0,952

→ n_Al(OH)3 = 4xn + 0,16n – 0,952

a, Gọi \(m_{NaCl\left(thêm\right)}=a\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{NaCl\left(bđ\right)}=5\%.100=5\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{5+a}{100+a}.100\%=5,5\%\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,53\left(g\right)\)

b, \(m_{NaCl}=58,5.5,5\%=3,2175\left(g\right)\\ n_{NaCl}=\dfrac{3,2175}{58,5}=0,055\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: NaCl + AgNO₃ ---> AgCl↓ + NaNO₃

          0,055-->0,055------>0,055---->0,055

\(m_{AgCl}=0,055.143,5=7,8925\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddY}=58,5+200-7,8925=250,6075\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{NaNO_3}=\dfrac{0,055.85}{250,6075}.100\%=1,87\%\)

Đáp án D

\(a,2NaOH+MgSO_4\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\\ n_{NaOH}=0,5.1=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ b,n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)=n_{Na_2SO_4}\\ m_{kt}=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=58.0,25=14,5\left(g\right)\\ c,V_{ddX}=V_{ddNaOH}+V_{ddMgSO_4}=0,5+0,5=1\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddNa_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25}{1}=0,25\left(M\right)\)