a, PTHH:

\(A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\left(1\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\left(2\right)\)

\(AlCl_3+4NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+3NaCl+2H_2O\)

b, Ta có \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{NaAlO_2}=\dfrac{2,7}{82}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{AlCl_3}=0,045\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=27.0,03=0,81\left(g\right)\\n_A=n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}-n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_A=2,49-0,81=1,68\left(g\right)\\n_A=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow M_A=\dfrac{1,68}{0,03}=56\left(g/mol\right)\Rightarrow A\) là \(Fe\)

c, \(m_{\text{muối}}=m_{FeCl_2}+m_{AlCl_3}\)

\(=127.n_{Fe}+133,5.n_{Al}\)

\(=127.0,03+133,5.0,03=7,815\left(g\right)\)

a) m_Cu = 3,2 (g)

=> m_Fe = 6 - 3,2 = 2,8 (g)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{56}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

          0,05->0,1--->0,05--->0,05

=> V₁ = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 (l)

\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Fe + 6H₂SO_4(đ/n) --> Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 3SO₂ + 6H₂O

          0,05--------------------------------->0,075

            Cu + 2H₂SO₄ --> CuSO₄ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

           0,05------------------------>0,05

=> V₂ = (0,075 + 0,05).22,4 = 2,8 (l)

b)

n_HCl(dư) = 0,5.2 - 0,1 = 0,9 (mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(HCl.dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,9}{0,5}=1,8M\\C_{M\left(FeCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,5}=0,1M\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) PTHH: 2Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2

x___________3x______________1,5x(mol)

Fe +2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2

y___2y____y______y(mol)

b) Ta có: m(rắn)= mCu=0,4(g)

=> m(Al, Fe)=1,5-mCu=1,5-0,4=1,1(g)

nH2= 0,04(mol)

Ta lập hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=1,1\\1,5x+y=0,04\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\\y=0,01\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> mAl=27.0,02=0,54(g)

mFe=56.0,01=0,56(g)

10,8 g chất rắn đó là Ag không tan trong dd HCl

=> mMg + mAl = 23,7 - 10,8 = 12,9 (g)

nH2 = 14,56/22,4 = 0,65 (mol)

PTHH:

Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Theo 2 PTHH trên: nHCl = 2nH2 = 2 . 0,65 = 1,3 (mol)

Áp dụng ĐLBTKL, ta có:

mAl + mMg + mHCl = m(muối) + mH2

=> m(muối) = 12,9 + 36,5 . 1,3 - 0,65 . 2 = 59,05 (g)

PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

            \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(m_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}\cdot2=0,8\left(g\right)< m_{hh}=11\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Sau p/ứ dd tăng \(11-0,8=10,2\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}= \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(mol)\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ m_{tăng} = m_{kim\ loại} - m_{H_2} = 11 - 0,4.2 = 10,2(gam)\)

PTHH: 

Ta có: