3/ Ta có:

\(x+y+z=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2=\left(y+z\right)^2;y^2=\left(z+x\right)^2;z^2=\left(x+y\right)^2\)

\(a+b+c=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b=-c;b+c=-a;c+a=-b\)

\(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)

Ta có:

\(ax^2+by^2+cz^2=a\left(y+z\right)^2+b\left(z+x\right)^2+c\left(x+y\right)^2\)

\(=x^2\left(b+c\right)+y^2\left(c+a\right)+z^2\left(a+b\right)+2\left(ayz+bzx+cxy\right)\)

\(=-ax^2-by^2-cz^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ax^2+by^2+cz^2=0\)

1/ Đặt \(a-b=x,b-c=y,c-z=z\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\)

Ta có:

\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)

\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}\)

\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\)

2/ \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{abc}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=1\)

Ta có:

\(M=\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)\)

\(=\left(ab+bc+ca+a^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+b^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\)

\(=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2-2\left(ab+1\right)+\left(\frac{ab+1}{a+b}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-\frac{ab+1}{a+b}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+1=\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow\sqrt{ab+1}=a+b\in Q\left(Q.E.D\right)\)

\(\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{a+c}{b}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=2c=b+c=2a=a+c=2b\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

\(M=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right).\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right).\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=2^3=8\)

\(\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{a+c}{b}\)

<=> \(\frac{a+b}{c}+1=\frac{b+c}{a}+1=\frac{a+c}{b}+1\)

<=> \(\frac{a+b+c}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{a}=\frac{a+b+c}{b}\)

<=> a + b + c = 0 hoặc a = b = c.

Th1: a + b + c = 0 

=> a + b = - c ; a + c = -b ; b + c = -a.

Thế vào P :

\(P=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\cdot\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\cdot\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)\)

\(=\left(\frac{a+b}{b}\right)\cdot\left(\frac{b+c}{c}\right)\cdot\left(\frac{c+a}{a}\right)\)

\(=-\frac{c}{b}.\frac{\left(-a\right)}{c}.\frac{\left(-b\right)}{a}=-1\)

TH2: a = b = c. THế vào P 

\(P=\left(1+1\right).\left(1+1\right).\left(1+1\right)=8\)

Vậy: P = -1 nếu a + b + c = 0 

hoặc P = 8 nếu a = b = c.

\(P=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{c+a}{a}\)

Ta có: \(\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{a+c}{b}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{c}+1=\frac{b+c}{a}+1=\frac{a+c}{b}+1=\frac{a+b+c}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{a}=\frac{a+b+c}{b}\)

TH1: Nếu \(a+b+c=0\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\c+a=-b\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{-c}{b}.\frac{-a}{c}.\frac{-b}{a}=\frac{\left(-a\right).\left(-b\right).\left(-c\right)}{abc}=-1\)

TH2: Nếu \(a+b+c\ne0\)\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=2b\\b+c=2c\\c+a=2a\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{2b}{b}.\frac{2c}{c}.\frac{2a}{a}=2.2.2=8\)

Vậy \(P=-1\)hoặc \(P=8\)

Chả biết

Bài 1 :

a) Ta có : \(\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)

Áp dụng bđt Cauchy : \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\) , \(b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc}\) , \(c+a\ge2\sqrt{ca}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge8abc\) hay \(\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)\ge8abc\)