\(b,n^4-10n^2+9=n^4-n^2-9n^2+9=\left(n^2-1\right)\left(n^2-9\right)\\ =\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)\left(n-3\right)\left(n+3\right)\)

Vì \(n\in Z\) và n lẻ nên \(n=2k+1\left(k\in Z\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)\left(n-3\right)\left(n+3\right)\\ =2k.\left(2k+2\right).\left(2k-2\right).\left(2k+4\right)\\ =16k\left(k+1\right)\left(k-1\right)\left(k+2\right)\)

Vì \(k,k+1,k-1,k+2\) là 4 số nguyên liên tiếp nên chia hết cho \(1.2.3.4=24\)

Do đó \(16k\left(k+1\right)\left(k-1\right)\left(k+2\right)⋮24.16=384\)

\(c,\forall n=1\Leftrightarrow10+18-28=0⋮27\\ \text{G/s }n=k\Leftrightarrow\left(10^k+18k-28\right)⋮27\\ \Leftrightarrow10^k+18k-28=27m\left(m\in N\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow10^k=27m-18k+28\\ \forall n=k+1\Leftrightarrow10^{k+1}+18\left(k+1\right)-28\\ =10.10^k+18k-10\\ =10\left(27m-18k+28\right)+18k-10=270m-162k+270⋮27\)

Theo PP quy nạp ta đc đpcm

1)

a)2⁵¹-1

=(2³)¹⁷-1\(⋮\)2³-1=7

Vậy 2⁵¹-1\(⋮\)7

b)2⁷⁰+3⁷⁰

=(2²)³⁵+(3²)³⁵\(⋮\)2²+3²=13

Vậy 2⁷⁰+3⁷⁰\(⋮\)13

c)17¹⁹+19¹⁷

=(BS18-1)¹⁹+(BS18+1)¹⁷

=BS18-1+BS18+1

=BS18\(⋮\)18

d)36⁶³-1\(⋮\)35\(⋮\)7

Vậy 36⁶³-1\(⋮\)7

36⁶³-1

=36⁶³+1-2

=BS37-2\(⋮̸\)37

Vậy 36⁶³-1\(⋮̸\)37

e)2⁴ⁿ-1

=(2⁴)ⁿ-1\(⋮\)2⁴-1=15

Vậy 2⁴ⁿ-1\(⋮\)15

a: \(\Leftrightarrow2n^2+n-2n-1+3⋮2n+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2n+1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

hay \(n\in\left\{0;-1;1;-2\right\}\)

b: \(\Leftrightarrow2n^2-4n+5n-10+3⋮n-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n-2\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

hay \(n\in\left\{3;1;5;-1\right\}\)

c: \(\Leftrightarrow10n^2-15n+8n-12+7⋮2n-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2n-3\in\left\{1;-1;7;-7\right\}\)

hay \(n\in\left\{2;1;5;-2\right\}\)

d: \(\Leftrightarrow2n^2-n+4n-2+5⋮2n-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2n-1\in\left\{1;-1;5;-5\right\}\)

hay \(n\in\left\{1;0;3;-2\right\}\)

\(A=3.\left(3^4\right)^{10}+2\)

Do 3⁴ có tận cùng là 1 nên A có tận cùng là 5 nên chia hết cho 5

\(B=2.\left(2^4\right)^n+3\)

Do 2⁴ có tận chùng là 6 nên (2⁴)ⁿ có tận cùng là 6 => 2.(2⁴)ⁿ có tận cùng là 2 => B có tận cùng là 5 nên chia hết cho 5

Trường hợp còn lại là tương tự

1/

$10n+4\vdots 2n+7$

$\Rightarrow 5(2n+7)-31\vdots 2n+7$

$\Rightarrow 31\vdots 2n+7$

$\Rightarrow 2n+7\in Ư(31)$

$\Rightarrow 2n+7\in \left\{1; -1; 31; -31\right\}$

$\Rightarrow n\in \left\{-3; -4; 12; -19\right\}$

2/

$5n-4\vdots 3n+1$

$\Rightarrow 3(5n-4)\vdots 3n+1$

$\Rightarroq 15n-12\vdots 3n+1$

$\Rightarrow 5(3n+1)-17\vdots 3n+1$

$\Rightarrow 17\vdots 3n+1$

$\Rightarrow 3n+1\in Ư(17)$

$\Rightarrow 3n+1\in \left\{1; -1; 17; -17\right\}$

$\Rightarrow n\in \left\{0; \frac{-2}{3}; \frac{16}{3}; -6\right\}$

Do $n$ nguyên nên $n\in\left\{0; -6\right\}$

3/

$2n^2+n-6\vdots 2n+1$

$\Rightarrow n(2n+1)-6\vdots 2n+1$

$\Rightarrow 6\vdots 2n+1$

$\Rightarrow 2n+1\in Ư(6)$

Mà $2n+1$ lẻ nên: $2n+1\in \left\{1; -1; 3; -3\right\}$

$\Rightarrow n\in \left\{0; -1; 1; -2\right\}$