Đặt : 

nMg = x mol 

nK = y mol 

mhh = 24x + 39y = 14.55 (1) 

Mg + 2HCl => MgCl2 + H2 

K + HCl => KCl + 1/2H2 

nHCl = 2x + y = 0.65 (2) 

(1) , (2) : 

x = 0.2 

y = 0.25 

%Mg = 0.2*24/14.55 * 100% = 32.98%

%K = 67.02%

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\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{hh}=56a+24b=10.16\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5.6}{22.4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=a+b=0.25\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.13,b=0.12\)

\(m_{Fe}=0.13\cdot56=7.28\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Mg}=0.12\cdot24=2.88\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=2\cdot n_{H_2}=2\cdot0.25=0.5\left(mol\right)\)

\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.5}{0.5}=1\left(M\right)\)

a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (1)

                \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (2)

b) Dựa vào đề, ta thấy chắc chắn HCl dư

Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol của Fe là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)

Gọi số mol của Mg là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=8\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=56\cdot0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=24\cdot0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{8}\cdot100\%=70\%\\\%m_{Mg}=30\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) Theo các PTHH: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Fe}=n_{Mg}=0,1mol\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot95=9,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=22,2\left(g\right)\)

d) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=\dfrac{500\cdot16\%}{36,5}=\dfrac{160}{73}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\cdot36,5=65,4\left(g\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=507,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,5\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx1,87\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{65,4}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx12,88\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(1)n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15(mol)\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\)

Từ giả thiết và theo PT: 

\(\begin{cases} 24n_{Mg}+56n_{Fe}=5,2\\ n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}=0,15 \end{cases}\\ \Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,1(mol);n_{Fe}=0,05(mol)\)

\(\Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{5,2}.100\%=46,15\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=100-46,15=53,85\% \end{cases}\\ 2)\Sigma n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{1}=0,3(l)=300(ml)\)

a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

m_{hh Zn và Fe} = 21,6-3 = 18,6 (g)

PTHH: Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      x                                           x

PTHH: Fe + H₂SO₄ → FeSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      y                                           y 

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+56y=18,6\\x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65.100\%}{21,6}=60,19\%\)

\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56.100\%}{21,6}=25,93\%\)

\(\%m_{Cu}=100-60,19-25,93=13,88\%\)

b,

PTHH: Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂

Mol:     0,2     0,2                            0,2

PTHH: Fe + H₂SO₄ → FeSO₄ + H₂

Mol:     0,1      0,1                            0,1 

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\left(0,1+0,2\right).98=29,4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4.100\%}{25\%}=117,6\left(g\right)\)

c,m_{dd sau pư} = 21,6+117,6- (0,1+0,2).2 = 138,6 (g)

\(C\%_{ddZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.161.100\%}{138,6}=23,23\%\)

\(C\%_{ddFeSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.152.100\%}{138,6}=10,97\%\)