Lời giải:

a)

Với \(x>1\Rightarrow x-1>0\). Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(x=(x-1)+1\geq 2\sqrt{x-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}\leq \frac{\sqrt{x-1}}{2\sqrt{x-1}}=\frac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)

Dấu bằng xảy ra ki \(x-1=1\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

b) Trước tiên, ta có bđt phụ sau:

\(x^3+y^3\geq xy(x+y)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x-y)^2(x+y)\geq 0\) (luôn đúng với mọi \(x,y>1\) )

Do đó, \(\frac{x^3+y^3-(x^2+y^2)}{(x-1)(y-1)}\geq \frac{xy(x+y)-x^2-y^2}{(x-1)(y-1)}\geq 8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xy(x+y)-(x^2+y^2)\geq 8(x-1)(y-1)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2(y-1)+y^2(x-1)-8(x-1)(y-1)\geq 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (y-1)[x^2-4(x-1)]+(x-1)[y^2-4(y-1)]\geq 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (y-1)(x-2)^2+(x-1)(y-2)^2\geq 0\)

(luôn đúng với mọi \(x,y>1\) )

Do đó ta có đpcm

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=2\)

\(P=\left(x^2+y^2+2xy\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)+\dfrac{x^2+y^2+2xy}{x^2+y^2}\)

\(P=\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)+2xy\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)+1+\dfrac{2xy}{x^2+y^2}\)

\(P\ge2xy.\dfrac{2}{xy}+\dfrac{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{xy}+1+\dfrac{2xy}{x^2+y^2}\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2xy}+\dfrac{2xy}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{xy}\right)+5\)

\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{2xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}+\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{2xy}{xy}+5=10\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y\)

\(\left(x+\dfrac{2}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+2\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2x}{y}}.2\sqrt{\dfrac{2y}{x}}=2.2.2=8\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(VT=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\right)=3+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{z^2}+z^2\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)+\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}\)

\(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}>=2\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}\cdot\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}=2\)

=>\(VT>=5+\left(\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{16x^2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{16y^2}\right)+\dfrac{15}{16}z^2\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\)

\(\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{16x^2}>=2\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}\cdot\dfrac{z^2}{16x^2}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{16y^2}>=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

và \(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}>=\dfrac{2}{xy}>=\dfrac{2}{\left(\dfrac{x+y}{2}\right)^2}=\dfrac{8}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)

=>\(\dfrac{15}{16}z^2\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)>=\dfrac{15}{16}z^2\cdot\dfrac{8}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=\dfrac{15}{2}\left(\dfrac{z}{x+y}\right)^2=\dfrac{15}{2}\)

=>VT>=5+1/2+1/2+15/2=27/2