\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\Leftrightarrow bc=-ab-ac\)

\(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+bc-ac-ab}=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)

CMTT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2ca}=\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\\\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}=\dfrac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\dfrac{c^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}=\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=1\)

\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{-b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2b-a^2c-ab^2+b^2c+c^2a-bc^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a^2-b^2\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(ab-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left[a\left(b-c\right)-c\left(b-c\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

\(=1\)

\(\)Ta có: \(a+b+c=0 \Rightarrow b+c=-a \Rightarrow (b+c)^2=(-a)^2 \Leftrightarrow b^2+c^2+2bc=a^2 \Leftrightarrow a^2-b^2-c^2=2bc\)

Tương tự: \(b^2-c^2-a^2=2ca;c^2-a^2-b^2=2ab\)

\(P=...=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{2bc}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}=\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

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Bổ đề \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\)

Ở đây ta c/m chiều thuận:
Với \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a+b=-c \Rightarrow (a+b)^3=(-c)^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab(a+b)=-c^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc(QED)\)

\(P\le a^2+b^2+c^2+3\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=12\)

\(P_{max}=12\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Lại có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt{3}\)

\(a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=3\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}\le a+b+c\le3\)

\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{2}+3\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+3\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Đặt \(a+b+c=x\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}\le x\le3\)

\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2+3x-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x+6+\sqrt{3}\right)+3\sqrt{3}\ge3\sqrt{3}\)

\(P_{min}=3\sqrt{3}\) khi \(x=\sqrt{3}\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;\sqrt{3}\right)\) và hoán vị

thế bạn bt hok

Vì:  a + 1 1 + b 2 = a + 1 − b 2 ( a + 1 ) 1 + b 2 ;   1 + b 2 ≥ 2 b   n ê n   a + 1 1 + b 2 ≥ a + 1 − b 2 ( a + 1 ) 2 b = a + 1 − a b + b 2

Tương tự:  b + 1 1 + c 2 ≥ b + 1 − b c + c 2 ;   c + 1 1 + a 2 ≥ c + 1 − c a + a 2 ⇒ M ≥ a + b + c + 3 − ( a + b + c ) + ( a b + b c + c a ) 2 = 3 + 3 − ( a b + b c + c a ) 2

Chứng minh được:  3 ( a b + b c + c a ) ≤ ( a + b + c ) 2 = 9 a c ⇒ 3 − ( a b + b c + c a ) 2 ≥ 0 ⇒ M ≥ 3

Dấu “=” xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1. Giá trị nhỏ nhất của M bằng 3.

Đáp án D

Bài toán trở thành: Tìm M nằm trên đường tròn giao tuyến của mặt cầu  (S) và mặt phẳng (P) sao cho KM lớn nhất

\(9=3a^2+2b^2+2bc+2c^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2a^2+b^2+c^2-2a\left(b+c\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow9\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2a^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)^2-2a\left(b+c\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow9\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2a-b-c\right)^2\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow-3\le a+b+c\le3\)

\(T_{max}=3\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)

\(T_{min}=-3\) khi \(a=b=c=-1\)

Thay \(a=-\left(b+c\right)\) ; \(a+c=-b\) và \(a+b=-c\) vào điều kiện thứ 2 ta có 

\(\left(b+c\right)^2=2\left(-b+1\right)\left(-c-1\right)\)

 <=> \(b^2+c^2+2bc=2bc+2b-2c-2\)

<=> \(\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c+1\right)^2=0\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=1\\c=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

suy ra: a=0. Vậy A = a² + b² + c² = 2

\(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1+1+1}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{1}=3\)

\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a^3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=a^3=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^3=\dfrac{1}{27}\)

Đáp án B