Sửa \(\le\) thành \(\ge\) nha bạn

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=abc\)

Ta có \(\dfrac{a^2}{a+bc}=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+abc}=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)

Tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2}{b+ca}=\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\\\dfrac{c^2}{c+ba}=\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Áp dụng BĐT cosi:

\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}a\)

\(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}b\)

\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}c\)

Cộng VTV:

\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}-\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{8}\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=3\)

Nếu có 2 số đồng thời bằng 0 BĐT tương đương \(0\le\dfrac{3}{4}\) hiển nhiên đúng

Nếu ko có 2 số nào đồng thời bằng 0:

\(VT=\dfrac{bc}{a^2+b^2+a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{ca}{a^2+b^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{ab}{a^2+c^2+b^2+c^2}\)

\(VT\le\dfrac{bc}{2\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}}+\dfrac{ca}{2\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}+\dfrac{ab}{2\sqrt{\left(a^2+c^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}\)

\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+c^2}\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

\(bc\le\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{bc}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4\left(a^2+1\right)}\) chứng minh tương tự với mấy cái còn lại ta dc           \(\dfrac{bc}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{c^2+1}\right]\) .Thay a^2 +b^2 +c^2 =1 vào vế phải ta dc\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{2a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{2b^2+c^2+a^2}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2c^2+a^2+b^2}\right]\)

áp dụng bunhiacopski dạng phân thức ta dc\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2+a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{c^2+a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2+b^2}\right]\)                           \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{c^2+a^2}+\dfrac{c^2+b^2}{c^2+b^2}\right]\) \(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1+1+1\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=1\)

BĐT trở thành: \(\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}+\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{x^2+z^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Ta có:

\(x^2+z^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y+z\right)^2\ge\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}\le\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{xy}{x+z}+\dfrac{xy}{y+z}\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{yz}{x+z}\right)\)

\(\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{z^2+x^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx}{x+y}+\dfrac{zx}{y+z}\right)\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx+yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{xy+zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{yz+xy}{z+x}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\) hay \(a=b=c\)

Lời giải:Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM và BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\frac{bc}{a^2+1}=\frac{bc}{(a^2+b^2)+(a^2+c^2)}\leq \frac{1}{4}.\frac{(b+c)^2}{(a^2+b^2)+(a^2+c^2)}\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}\right)\)

Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại, ta có:

\(P\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b^2+a^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)

(đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\sqrt{\frac{1}{3}}$

c=c.1 thay 1 bằng a+b+c xong cô si

Đẳng thức quen thuộc: \(a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\) và tương tự cho các mẫu số còn lại

Ta có:

\(\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}=\sum\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)

Mặt khác:

\(2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\ge\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2\) (Bunhiacopxki)

\(\Rightarrow\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\right)^2\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\right)^2\)

Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:

\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Đúng theo AM-GM:

\(\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\sum\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)