CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CÂU HỎI HAY
Đề bài: Cho a, b, c > 0 thỏa mãn \(ab+bc+ca+2abc=1\)
CMR: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge4\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Phần thưởng: 2GP
Đề bài: Cho a, b, c > 0 thỏa mãn ab+bc+ca+2abc=1ab+bc+ca+2abc=1
CMR: \dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge4\left(a+b+c\right)a1+b1+c1≥4(a+b+c)
Cho a,b,c>0 thỏa mãn ab+bc+ca=1. CMR:
\(\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\right)^3\le\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+1}\right)\)
Đẳng thức quen thuộc: \(a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\) và tương tự cho các mẫu số còn lại
Ta có:
\(\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}=\sum\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Mặt khác:
\(2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2\) (Bunhiacopxki)
\(\Rightarrow\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\right)^2\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đúng theo AM-GM:
\(\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\sum\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Cho \(a;b;c\) là các số thực dương thỏa mãn :\(0< a;b;c< 1\). Chứng minh rằng:
\(\dfrac{1}{a.\left(1-b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b.\left(1-c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c.\left(1-a\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{1-\left(a+b+c\right)+ab+bc+ac}\)
P/s: Đề cương toán lớp 10 trường THPT chuyên sư phạm Hà Nội.
Em xin nhờ quý thầy cô giáo và các bạn giúp đỡ, em cám ơn nhiều ạ!
Đặt \(a\left(1-b\right)=x;b\left(1-c\right)=y;c\left(1-a\right)=x\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\left(a+b+c\right)+ab+bc+ca=1-a\left(1-b\right)-b\left(1-c\right)-c\left(1-a\right)=1-x-y-z\)
BĐT cần c/m trở thành:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{3}{1-x-y-z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x-y-z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)-3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{x}+\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{y}+\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{z}-3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-y-z}{x}+\dfrac{1-z-x}{y}+\dfrac{1-x-y}{z}-6\ge0\) (1)
Lại có: \(1-y-z=1-b\left(1-c\right)-c\left(1-a\right)=1-b-c+bc+ca=\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+ca\)
Nên (1) tương đương:
\(\dfrac{\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+ca}{a\left(1-b\right)}+\dfrac{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-c\right)+ab}{b\left(1-c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)+bc}{c\left(1-a\right)}-6\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{1-b}+\dfrac{1-a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{1-c}+\dfrac{1-b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{1-a}\ge6\)
BĐT trên hiển nhiên đúng theo AM-GM do:
\(\dfrac{1-c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{1-b}+\dfrac{1-a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{1-c}+\dfrac{1-b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{1-a}\ge6\sqrt[6]{\dfrac{abc\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}{abc\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}}=6\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Cho a,b,c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn a+b+c=1. Chứng minhh rằng:
\(\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a+bc}+\dfrac{1}{b+ca}+\dfrac{1}{c+ab}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\right)\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT quen thuộc:
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc+9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Do \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(a+b+c\right)=9abc\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge9abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge9\)
Hiển nhiên đúng do \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}=9\)
Cho a;b;c > 0. thỏa mãn \(ab+bc+ca+2abc=1\).
CMR: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge4\left(a+b+c\right)\)
1)cho a,b,c >0. \(cmr:\dfrac{1}{a^2+bc}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+ca}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2abc}\)
2) cho a,b,c>0 và a+b+c=1. \(cmr:\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge64\)
3) cho a,b,c>0. \(cme:\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\)
4) cho a,b,c>0 .\(cmr:\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^3}{a^3}\ge\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\)
5)cho a,b,c>0. cmr: \(\dfrac{1}{a\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c\left(c+a\right)}\ge\dfrac{27}{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)
Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Bài 2:
Thay $1=a+b+c$ và áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}{abc}\)
\(=\frac{(a+a+b+c)(b+a+b+c)(c+a+b+c)}{abc}\)
\(\geq \frac{4\sqrt[4]{a.a.b.c}.4\sqrt[4]{b.a.b.c}.4\sqrt[4]{c.a.b.c}}{abc}=\frac{64abc}{abc}=64\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$
1.Xét 2 số thực không âm a,b thỏa mãn a+b≤6. Tìm giá trị lớn nhất của A=a2b(4-a-b)
2. Cho các số a,b,c∈R+ thỏa mãn a+b+c=3.CMR : a+ab+2abc≤\(\dfrac{9}{2}\)
3. Cho các số a,b ∈R+ phân biệt. CMR: (x+y)\(\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)+\(\dfrac{16}{\left(x-y\right)^2}\)≥12
1.
- Với \(a+b\ge4\Rightarrow A\le0\)
- Với \(a+b< 4\Rightarrow4-a-b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a}{2}.\dfrac{a}{2}.b.\left(4-a-b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+b+4-a-b\right)^4=4\)
\(A_{max}=4\) khi \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(2;1\right)\)
2.
\(P=a+\dfrac{1}{2}.a.2b\left(1+2c\right)\le a+\dfrac{a}{8}\left(2b+1+2c\right)^2\)
\(P\le a+\dfrac{a}{8}\left(7-2a\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{8}\left(4a^3-28a^2+57a-36\right)+\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(a-4\right)\left(2a-3\right)^2+\dfrac{9}{2}\le\dfrac{9}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{3}{2};1;\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
Câu 3 bạn xem lại đề, mình có thể chắc chắn với bạn là đề sai
Ví dụ bạn cho \(x=98,y=100\) thì vế trái chỉ lớn hơn 8 một chút
Đề đúng phải là: \(\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)+\dfrac{16xy}{\left(x-y\right)^2}\ge12\)
Nếu câu 3 đề là \(\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)+\dfrac{16xy}{\left(x-y\right)^2}\ge12\)
Ta có:
\(VT=2+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{16xy}{\left(x-y\right)^2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{xy}+\dfrac{16xy}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+2\)
\(VT=\dfrac{x^2+y^2-2xy+2xy}{xy}+\dfrac{16xy}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+2\)
\(VT=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{xy}+\dfrac{16xy}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+4\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{16xy\left(x-y\right)^2}{xy\left(x-y\right)^2}}+4=12\)
Cho a,b,c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn a+b+c=3. Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức:
\(P=\dfrac{1}{a\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\left(3-2a\right)\left(3-2b\right)\left(3-2c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9abc\ge12\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-27\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{9}{a\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{3+abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Biết a,b,c > 0 thỏa mãn ab+bc+ca=3abc
\(P=\dfrac{a}{\left(3a-1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(3b-1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(3c-1\right)^2}\) đạt min
\(ab+bc+ca=3abc\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)
Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{a};\dfrac{1}{b};\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x;y;z>0\\x+y+z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P=\dfrac{x}{\left(3-x\right)^2}+\dfrac{y}{\left(3-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{z}{\left(3-z\right)^2}\)
Ta có đánh giá sau: \(\dfrac{t}{\left(3-t\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{2t-1}{4};\forall t\in\left(0;3\right)\)
Thực vậy, BĐT đã cho tương đương:
\(4t\ge\left(2t-1\right)\left(3-t\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2t^3+13t^2-20t+9\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(9-2t\right)\left(t-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng với \(t< 3\))
Áp dụng ta được:
\(P\ge\dfrac{2x-1}{4}+\dfrac{2y-1}{4}+\dfrac{2z-1}{4}=\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)-3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)
Cách khác:
Sau khi đặt ẩn phụ, ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{x}{\left(3-x\right)^2}+\dfrac{y}{\left(3-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{z}{\left(3-z\right)^2}=\dfrac{x}{\left(y+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{y}{\left(z+x\right)^2}+\dfrac{z}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow3P=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{x}{\left(y+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{y}{\left(z+x\right)^2}+\dfrac{z}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\right)\ge\left(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\)
(BĐT Netsbitt)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)