a. nH2=4,368/22,4=0,195

    Mg+2HCl->MgCl2+H2

    Mg+H2SO4->MgSO4+H2

   2Al+6HCl->2AlCl3+3H2

   2Al+3H2SO4->Al2(SO4)3+3H2

Theo phương trình nH2=nHCl/2+nH2SO4

Nếu axit hết

->nH2=nHCl/2+nH2SO4

->nH2=0,25/2+0,125=0,25>0,195

->Axit phải dư

b. Gọi số mol Mg và Al là a và b

Ta có 24a+27b=3,87

Theo pt :  nH2=nMg+1,5nAl

->0,195=a+1,5b

->a=0,06; b=0,09

->%mMg=0,06.24/3,87=37,21%

->%mAl=62,79%

HT

a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

m_Cu = m_Y = 9,6 (g)

Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b

=> 27a + 24b = 14,7 - 9,6 = 5,1 (g)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

            a-->3a-------->a------>1,5a 

            Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

            b--->2b------->b----->b

=> 1,5a + b = 0,25

=> a = 0,1; b = 0,1

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=9,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) n_HCl(PTHH) = 3a + 2b = 0,5 (mol)

=> n_{HCl(thực tế)} = \(\dfrac{0,5.120}{100}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\)

c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(MgCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(HCldư\right)}=\dfrac{0,6-0,5}{0,2}=0,5M\end{matrix}\right.\)

d) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{9,6}{64}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(Cu+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuCl_2\)

         0,15-->0,15

=> \(V_{Cl_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,368}{22,4}=0,195mol\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow27x+24y=3,87\left(1\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(\Rightarrow1,5x+y=0,195\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,09\\y=0,06\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Al}=0,09\cdot27=2,43g\)

\(m_{Mg}=0,06\cdot24=1,44g\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,2(mol)\\ a,C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2M\\ b,n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6(g)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu}=20-5,6=14,4(g)\\ c,\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{20}.100\%=28\%\\ \%m_{Cu}=100\%-28\%=72\%\)

a) Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)

=> 24a + 27b = 1,98 (1)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

             a--->2a-------->a---->a

             2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

              b---->3b------->b----->1,5b

=> \(n_{H_2}=a+1,5b=\dfrac{2,352}{22,4}=0,105\left(mol\right)\) (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,015 (mol); b = 0,06 (mol)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,015.24}{1,98}.100\%=18,18\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,06.27}{1,98}.100\%=81,82\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,015.95=1,425\left(g\right)\\m_{AlCl_3}=0,06.133,5=8,01\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(MgCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,015}{0,16}=0,09375M\\C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,06}{0,16}=0,375M\\C_{M\left(HCl.dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,16.1,5-0,015.20,06.2}{0,16}=0,5625M\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
Al + 3HCl -> AlCl3 + 3/2H2

b) Gọi a, b lần lượt là số mol Mg, Al.

nH2 = 5,6/22,4 = 0,25 (mol)

Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

a        2a            a          a
Al + 3HCl -> AlCl3 + 3/2H2

b           3b       b          3/2b

Ta có hệ pt: 

mhh = 24a + 27b = 5,1 (g)

nH2 = a + 3/2b = 0,25 (mol)

=> a = 0,1 (mol)

b = 0,1 (mol)

200 ml = 0,2 l

nHCl = 2a + 3b = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5 (mol)

=> CM ddHCl = 0,5/0,2 = 2,5 (M)

%mMg = 24a/5,1*100% = 2,4/5,1*100% = 47,06%

%mAl = 100%-47,06% = 52,94%

Vì Cu không tác dụng với HCl 

\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)

       1         2              1           1

      0,1     0,2                           0,1

a) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Cu}=12-5,6=6,4\left(g\right)\)

b) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,1.2}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

200ml = 0,2l

\(C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)

c) ⁰/₀Fe = \(\dfrac{5,6.100}{12}=46,67\)⁰/₀

    ⁰/₀Cu = \(\dfrac{6,4.100}{12}=53,33\)⁰/₀

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