5D. Defining and non-defining relative clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và không xác định.)

6. Choose the correct answer (a-d). Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

(Chọn câu trả lời đúng (a-d). Đôi khi có thể có nhiều hơn một câu trả lời.)

1. I met a boy ______ brother is in my class. 

a. whose       b. that     c. which     d. no pronoun 

2. He's the man ______ I saw on the train. 

a. who           b. that     c. which    d. no pronoun 

3. Is that the dictionary _____ you bought yesterday? 

a. which         b. that     c. where    d. no pronoun 

4. Show me the computer _____ you got for your birthday. 

a. that            b. which   c. who     d. no pronoun 

5. Is that the cafe _____ you worked last summer? 

a. that             b. which  c. where   d. no pronoun 

6. New Year's Day is the day ______ comes after New Year's Eve. 

a. which           b. who     c. that     d. no pronoun

c. Use the information in the table to write sentences with non-defining relative clauses.

(Sử dụng thông tin trong bảng để viết câu với mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)

1. (who/job/what/when) Hans Lipperhey, who was a glasses maker, invented the telescope in 1608.

(Hans Lipperhey, một nhà sản xuất kính, đã phát minh ra kính thiên văn vào năm 1608.)

2. (what/when/who) ____________________________

3. (what/when/who) ____________________________

4. (who/job/what) ______________________________

7. Look at the highlighted examples of non-defining relative clauses in the text. Circle the correct words below. 

(Nhìn vào các ví dụ được tô sáng về mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định trong văn bản. Khoanh tròn các từ đúng dưới đây.)

LEARN THIS! Non-defining relative clauses

a. In non-defining relative clauses, we use who, which, where and whose, but we do not use that.

b. A non-defining relative clause: 

comes immediately (1) before / after a noun and gives us information about that noun.

adds extra information to the sentence; the sentence (2) makes sense / does not make sense without it.

(3) has / doesn't have a comma at the start. It has a comma or a full stop at the end.

RELATIVE CLAUSES - MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

1. Have gave me the book. It had interesting drawings.

⇒He gave me the book which...

2. I was waiting for a man. He didn't come

3. I like reading magazines. Magazines tell about different festivals in the world.

4. I like the songs. They tell about life in the country.

5. The officer wasn't very friendly. I spoke to him yesterday

6. The dog was very frightened. The boys threw stones at it.

7. The man is very young. You are driving his car.

b. Combine the sentences using non-defining relative clauses.

(Kết hợp các câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)

1. George Beauchamp was an American inventor. He invented the electric guitar in 1932.

(George Beauchamp là một nhà phát minh người Mỹ. Ông đã phát minh ra guitar điện vào năm 1932.)

→ George Beauchamp, who was an American inventor, invented the electric guitar in 1932.

(George Beauchamp, một nhà phát minh người Mỹ, đã phát minh ra đàn guitar điện vào năm 1932.)

2. Philo T. Farnsworth was the first television's inventor. He invented it in 1927.

(Philo T. Farnsworth là người phát minh ra tivi đầu tiên. Ông đã phát minh ra nó vào năm 1927.)

3. Tom Kilburn developed the first software in 1948. He worked for the University of Manchester.

(Tom Kilburn đã phát triển phần mềm đầu tiên vào năm 1948. Ông làm việc cho Đại học Manchester.)

4. Edward Jenner created the first vaccine in 1796. He was a country doctor in England.

(Edward Jenner đã tạo ra vắc-xin đầu tiên vào năm 1796. Ông là một bác sĩ nông thôn ở Anh.)

put a tick √ if the relative pronoun in the following sentence can be deleted, and put a cross X if is not ( chữa câu sai giúp mik luôn ak)

1. We lit a fire, which son dried out our clothes.

2. The report which son should have taken an hour and a half, took three hours.

3. The children who I was looking after were terrbly spoilt.

4. She thanked him for the kind help that she recevied.

5. There wasn't any directory in the telephone box from which I was phoning.

6. The man who was driving us didn't know the way.

7. The Smiths, whose house was destroyed in the explosion, were given rooms in the hotel.

8. The car which we hired from the airport broke down on the road.

9. My boss, who I really wanted to see, was too busy to meet anyone.

10. Mr. and Mrs.Jones, who were out playing cards, knew nothing of the burglary.

Exercise 1
Hãy xác định những mệnh đề quan hệ dưới đây là mệnh đề hạn định (Defining
clause) hay không hạn định (Non-defining clause).
1.This is the dress which I bought last week.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
2.The film that I saw yesterday was very interesting.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
3.Hanoi, which is one of the largest cities in Vietnam, is the capital of Vietnam.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
4.The girl who wore a blue dress attracted everybody's attention at the party.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
5.The old man who lives next door is an architect.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
6.This writer, who lives in this luxurious mansion, has just published her third
novel.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
7.The doctor who examined my stomach was very kind.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
8.Tra Giang, who has played the main role in a lot of war films, is a famous
Vietnamese actress.

A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
9.Taylor Swift, who is a well-known singer, is only twenty-four.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
10.That is the bee which stung me.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause

công thức giúp mình với

Mệnh đề quan hệ (mệnh đề tính từ) dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước. Mệnh đề quan hệ được bắt đầu bằng các quan hệ từ:

a) Đại từ quan hệ (relative pronouns): Who, Whom, Which, Whose, That

1. WHO:

+ làm chủ từ (S) trong mệnh đề quan hệ

+ thay thế cho danh từ / đại từ chỉ người

Example:    

Mary is a girl. She is wearing a red hat.

            " Mary is the girl who is wearing a red hat.

2. WHICH:

  + làm chủ từ (S) hoặc túc từ (O) trong MĐQH

             + thay thế cho danh từ / đại từ chỉ vật

Example: 

a. The bike is very nice. I bought it last week.

 " The bike which I bought last week is very nice.

b. The book is mine. The book is on the table.

" The book which is on the table is mine.

3. WHOM:

+ làm túc từ (O) trong MĐQH

            + thay thế cho danh từ/đại từ chỉ người

  Example:                        

 Do you know the woman? I saw the woman on TV last night.

" Do you know the woman whom I saw on TV last night.

4. WHOSE:

+ chỉ sở hữu, dùng cho người hoặc vật

Example:   The man is very kind. I borrowed his pen.

                    " The man whose pen I borrowed is very kind.

          + thay thế cho: - sở hữu tính từ (my, your, our, their, his, her, its)

                                       - sở hữu cách (N's)

                                       - cấu trúc: of + N

            + sau WHOSE luôn luôn là danh từ (N)

5. THAT:

            + thay thế cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH

            + bắt buộc dùng THAT khi trước đó có 1 số từ: a few, a little, the only, the first, the last, cụm từ vừa có người lẫn vật (the man and the animals), so sánh nhất …

b) Trạng từ quan hệ (relative adverbs): When, Where, Why

1. WHEN:      + đứng sau danh từ chỉ thời gian: time, holiday, …

                        + Dùng “when” thì bỏ cụm trạng từ chỉ thời gian (at that time, then…)

Example:    Do you remember the time? We met each other at that time.

                        " Do you remember the time when we met each other?

2. WHERE:    + đứng sau danh từ chỉ nơi chốn: place, house, city, country …

                        + Dùng “where” thì bỏ cụm trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn (in that place, in that city, there…)

Example:    The house is very old. He was born and gew up in that house.

                   " The house where was born and gew up is very old.

3. WHY:         + đứng sau danh từ chỉ lý do: reason, cause …

                        + Dùng “why” thì bỏ cụm trạng từ chỉ lý do: for that reason