a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}-\dfrac{c}{d}< 0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ad-bc}{bd}< 0\)\(\Leftrightarrow ad-bc< 0\) ( do bc>0) \(\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\) (đpcm)

b) \(ad< bc\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)(đpcm)

Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\text{=}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{bc}\right)\)

\(\text{=}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+2.\dfrac{c+b-a}{abc}\)

\(\text{=}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2\left(do-a\text{=}b+c\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}\text{=}\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2}\)

\(\text{=}\left|\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right|\)

Do \(a,b,c\) là các số hữu tỉ khác 0 nên

\(\left|\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right|\) là một số hữu tỉ

\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)

Ta có : 

 P = \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2ac}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}-\dfrac{1}{2bc}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2abc}\left(b+c-a\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right|\) (do a = b + c) 

=> P là số hữu tỉ với a,b,c \(\ne0\)

 P = 

 (do a = b + c) 

=> P là số hữu tỉ với a,b,c 

Hằng đẳng thức:

\(\left(x-y-z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(yz-xy-zx\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2-2\left(xy+xz-yz\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=\left(x-y-z\right)^2+2\left(xy+xz-yz\right)\)

Giờ thay \(x=\dfrac{1}{a}\) ; \(y=\dfrac{1}{b}\); \(z=\dfrac{1}{c}\) là ra cái người ta làm

`a)a/b<c/d`
Nhân 2 vế cho `bd>0` ta có:
`(abd)/b<(bcd)/d`
`<=>ad<bc`
`b)ad<bc`
Chia 2 vế cho `bd>0` ta có:
`(ad)/(bd)<(bc)/(bd)`
`<=>a/b<c/d`.

Ta có: \(2\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{abc}=0\)

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right|\) là số hữu tỉ

Ta có: \(a=b+c\Rightarrow c=a-b\)

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2+a^2c^2+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2\left(a-b\right)^2+a^2\left(a-b\right)^2+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^4+a^2b^2-2ab^3+a^4+a^2b^2-2a^3b+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-2ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\left|\dfrac{a^2+b^2-ab}{abc}\right|\)

=> Là một số hữu tỉ do a,b,c là số hữu tỉ

\(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2-2.\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2-2.\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2-2.\dfrac{0}{abc}=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b^2}=x\\\dfrac{b}{c^2}=y\\\dfrac{c}{a^2}=z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow xyz=1;x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\)

Ta có \(x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=xy+yz+zx\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xyz-1+x+y+z-xy-yz-zx=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)=0\)

​\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)=0\)​

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\\z=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b^2}=1\\\dfrac{b}{c^2}=1\\\dfrac{c}{a^2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b^2\\b=c^2\\c=a^2\end{matrix}\right.\left(đpcm\right)\)