a)Có \(b^2+c^2-a^2=cosA.2bc\)

\(S=\dfrac{1}{2}bc.sinA\)\(\Rightarrow4S=2bc.sinA\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{4S}=\dfrac{cosA.2bc}{2bc.sinA}=cotA\) (dpcm)

b) CM tương tự câu a \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{4S}=\dfrac{cosB.2ac}{2ac.sinB}=cotB\); \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{4S}=\dfrac{cosC.2ab}{2ab.sinC}=cotC\)

Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow cotA+cotB+cotC=\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{4S}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{4S}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{4S}\)\(=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{4S}\) (dpcm)

c) Gọi m_a;m_b;m_c là độ dài các đường trung tuyến kẻ từ đỉnh A;B;C của tam giác ABC 

Có \(GA^2+GB^2+GC^2=\dfrac{4}{9}\left(m_a^2+m_b^2+m_b^2\right)\)\(=\dfrac{4}{9}\left[\dfrac{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)-a^2}{4}+\dfrac{2\left(a^2+c^2\right)-b^2}{4}+\dfrac{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)-a^2}{4}\right]\)

\(=\dfrac{4}{9}.\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\) (đpcm)

d) Có \(a\left(b.cosC-c.cosB\right)=ab.cosC-ac.cosB\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2}-\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2}\)

\(=b^2-c^2\) (dpcm)

Chỉ đúng với điều kiện A, B, C là 3 góc trong tam giác \(\Rightarrow A+B+C=\pi\)

Đặt \(\frac{A}{2}=x\) , \(\frac{B}{2}=y\); \(\frac{C}{2}=z\) \(\Rightarrow x+y+z=\frac{\pi}{2}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\frac{\pi}{2}-z\\z=\frac{\pi}{2}-\left(x+y\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(cot\frac{A}{2}+cot\frac{B}{2}+cot\frac{C}{2}=cotx+coty+cotz=\frac{cosx}{sinx}+\frac{cosy}{siny}+\frac{cosz}{sinz}\)

\(=\frac{cosx.siny+cosy.sinx}{sinx.siny}+\frac{cosz}{sinz}=\frac{sin\left(x+y\right)}{sinx.siny}+\frac{cosz}{sinz}\)

\(=\frac{sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-z\right)}{sinx.siny}+\frac{cosz}{sinz}=\frac{cosz}{sinx.siny}+\frac{cosz}{sinz}=cosz\left(\frac{1}{sinx.siny}+\frac{1}{sinz}\right)\)

\(=\frac{cosz}{sinx.siny.sinz}\left(sinz+sinx.siny\right)=\frac{cosz}{sinx.siny.sinz}\left(sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-\left(x+y\right)\right)+sinxsiny\right)\)

\(=\frac{cosz}{sinx.siny.sinz}\left(cos\left(x+y\right)+sinx.siny\right)\)

\(=\frac{cosz}{sinx.siny.sinz}\left(cosx.cosy-sinx.siny+sinx.siny\right)\)

\(=\frac{cosx.cosy.cosz}{sinx.siny.sinz}=cotx.coty.cotz=cot\frac{A}{2}.cot\frac{B}{2}.cot\frac{C}{2}\)

a/ \(b^2-c^2=ab.cosC-ac.cosB\)

Ta có: \(b.cosC-c.cosB=ab.\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}-ac.\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2}-\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2}=\dfrac{2b^2-2c^2}{2}=b^2-c^2\) (đpcm)

b/ \(ac.cosC-ab.cosB=ac.\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}-ab.\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}\)

\(=\dfrac{c^2\left(a^2+b^2-c^2\right)-b^2\left(a^2+c^2-b^2\right)}{2bc}=\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2-\left(ab\right)^2+b^4-c^4}{2bc}\)

\(=\dfrac{-a^2\left(b^2-c^2\right)+\left(b^2-c^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}{2bc}=\left(b^2-c^2\right).\dfrac{\left(b^2+c^2-a^2\right)}{2bc}\)

\(=\left(b^2-c^2\right).cosA\) (đpcm)

c/ \(cotA+cotB+cotC=\dfrac{cosA}{sinA}+\dfrac{cosB}{sinB}+\dfrac{cosC}{sinC}=\dfrac{2R.cosA}{a}+\dfrac{2R.cosB}{b}+\dfrac{2R.cosC}{c}\)

\(=2R\left(\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2abc}\right)\)

\(=2R\left(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2abc}\right)=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}.R\) (đpcm)

\(a,ĐK:x\ne\pm1;x\ne0\\ M=\dfrac{1-x+2x}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1-x\right)}:\dfrac{1-x}{x}\\ M=\dfrac{x+1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(1-x\right)}\cdot\dfrac{x}{1-x}=\dfrac{x}{\left(1-x\right)^2}\\ b,ĐK:x\ge0;x\ne4\\ N=\dfrac{x+3\sqrt{x}+2+2x-4\sqrt{x}-2-5\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\\ N=\dfrac{3x-6\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+2}\)

Tất cả đều phải tìm điều kiện

Lời giải:

Sử dụng các công thức sau:

\(\bullet \tan \alpha=\frac{1}{\cot \alpha}\)

\(\bullet \tan (\alpha+\beta)=\frac{\tan \alpha+\tan \beta}{1-\tan\alpha.\tan \beta}\)

Ta có:

\(\text{VT}=\frac{1}{\tan a+\tan b}-\frac{1}{\cot a+\cot b}=\frac{1}{\tan a+\tan b}-\frac{1}{\frac{1}{\tan a}+\frac{1}{\tan b}}\)

\(=\frac{1}{\tan a+\tan b}-\frac{\tan a\tan b}{\tan a+\tan b}=\frac{1-\tan a\tan b}{\tan a+\tan b}\)

\(=\frac{1}{\frac{\tan a+\tan b}{1-\tan a\tan b}}=\frac{1}{\tan (a+b)}=\cot (a+b)=\text{VP}\)

Ta có đpcm.