Hằng đẳng thức:

\(\left(x-y-z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(yz-xy-zx\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2-2\left(xy+xz-yz\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=\left(x-y-z\right)^2+2\left(xy+xz-yz\right)\)

Giờ thay \(x=\dfrac{1}{a}\) ; \(y=\dfrac{1}{b}\); \(z=\dfrac{1}{c}\) là ra cái người ta làm

\(A=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2\left(a-b\right)^2+a^2\left(a-b\right)^2+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)^2}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+a^2\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)^2}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^4+a^4-2ab^3-2a^3b+3a^2b^2}{a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(b^2+a^2\right)^2-2ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)^2}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(b^2+a^2-ab\right)}{a^2b^2\left(a-b\right)^2}}=\left|\dfrac{a^2+b^2-ab}{ab\left(a-b\right)}\right|\)

Do a,b là số hữu tỉ\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left|\dfrac{a^2+b^2-ab}{ab\left(a-b\right)}\right|\) là số hữu tỉ hay A là số hữu tỉ

Ta có: \(2\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{abc}=0\)

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right|\) là số hữu tỉ

Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\text{=}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{bc}\right)\)

\(\text{=}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+2.\dfrac{c+b-a}{abc}\)

\(\text{=}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2\left(do-a\text{=}b+c\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}\text{=}\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2}\)

\(\text{=}\left|\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right|\)

Do \(a,b,c\) là các số hữu tỉ khác 0 nên

\(\left|\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right|\) là một số hữu tỉ

\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)

Ta có : 

 P = \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2ac}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}-\dfrac{1}{2bc}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2abc}\left(b+c-a\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right|\) (do a = b + c) 

=> P là số hữu tỉ với a,b,c \(\ne0\)

 P = 

 (do a = b + c) 

=> P là số hữu tỉ với a,b,c 

Ta có: \(a=b+c\Rightarrow c=a-b\)

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2+a^2c^2+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2\left(a-b\right)^2+a^2\left(a-b\right)^2+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^4+a^2b^2-2ab^3+a^4+a^2b^2-2a^3b+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-2ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\left|\dfrac{a^2+b^2-ab}{abc}\right|\)

=> Là một số hữu tỉ do a,b,c là số hữu tỉ

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ac\right)^2+\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(abc\right)^2}}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(bc+ac+ab\right)^2-2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}}{abc}\)

(áp dụng HĐT: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\))

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left[a\left(b+c\right)+bc\right]^2-2abc\left[a+\left(b+c\right)\right]}}{abc}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a^2+bc\right)^2-4a^2bc}}{abc}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a^4+2a^2bc+\left(bc\right)^2-4a^2bc}}{abc}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a^4-2a^2bc+\left(bc\right)^2}}{abc}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2-bc}{abc}\) là 1 số hữu tỉ (đpcm)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}=\dfrac{1}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2b^2+\left(b+c\right)^2c^2+b^2c^2}{b^2c^2\left(b+c\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{b^4+2b^3c+3b^2c^2+2bc^3+c^4}{b^2c^2\left(b+c\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(b^4+2b^2c^2+c^4\right)+2bc\left(b^2+c^2\right)+b^2c^2}{b^2c^2\left(b+c\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)^2}{b^2c^2\left(b+c\right)^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)^2}{b^2c^2\left(b+c\right)^2}}=\dfrac{b^2+bc+c^2}{bc\left(b+c\right)}\)

Vì a, b, c là các số hữu tỉ nên \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}\) là số hữu tỉ

Bài 2:

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}>2\)

Trước hết ta chứng minh \(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{2\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\). Ta lại có:

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b+c}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)

Thiết lập các BĐT tương tự:

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}\ge\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c};\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}\ge\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}\)

Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:

\(VT\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\ge2\)

Dấu "=" không xảy ra nên ta có ĐPCM

Lưu ý: lần sau đăng từng bài 1 thôi nhé !

1) Áp dụng liên tiếp bđt \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) với a;b là 2 số dương ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}}{4}\)\(\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}}{16}\)

TT: \(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}}{16}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}}{16}\)

Cộng vế với vế ta được:

\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}.\left(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)=1\left(đpcm\right)\)

Ai lm dc bai 3 chua

Ta có: \(a=b+c\Rightarrow a-b-c=0\)

\(\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{2}{ab}+\dfrac{2}{bc}-\dfrac{2}{ac}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{a-b-c}{abc}\right)\)\(=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\)

Nên \(P=\sqrt[]{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt[]{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2}\)

\(=\left|\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right|\) => ĐPCM

Bài này thiếu " a,b,c là các số hữu tỉ " phải không?

ngu như con lợn