\(M=1-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{10}}\right)\)

Đặt \(N=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{10}}\)

\(2N=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^9}\)

\(\Rightarrow2N-N=1-\dfrac{1}{2^{10}}\)

\(\Rightarrow N=1-\dfrac{1}{2^{10}}\)

\(\Rightarrow M=1-\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2^{10}}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2^{10}}>\dfrac{1}{2^{11}}\)

Vậy \(M>\dfrac{1}{2^{11}}\)

\(A=1+\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(1+2\right).2}{2}}{2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(1+3\right).3}{2}}{3}+...+\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(1+2013\right).2013}{2}}{2013}\)

\(A=1+\dfrac{\dfrac{3.2}{2}}{2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{4.3}{2}}{3}+...+\dfrac{\dfrac{2014.2013}{2}}{2013}\)

\(A=1+\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{2.3}{3}+...+\dfrac{1007.2013}{2013}\)

\(A=1+\dfrac{3}{2}+2+\dfrac{5}{2}...+1007\)

\(2A=2+3+4+5+6+...+2012+2013+2014\)

\(2A=\dfrac{\left(2+2014\right).2013}{2}\)

\(A=\dfrac{2016.2013}{4}=504.2013\)

\(B=\dfrac{-2}{1.3}+\dfrac{-2}{2.4}+...+\dfrac{-2}{2012.2014}+\dfrac{-2}{2013.2015}\)

\(-B=\dfrac{2}{1.3}+\dfrac{2}{2.4}+...+\dfrac{2}{2012.2014}+\dfrac{2}{2013.2015}\)

\(-B=\left(\dfrac{2}{1.3}+\dfrac{2}{3.5}+...+\dfrac{2}{2013.2015}\right)+\left(\dfrac{2}{2.4}+\dfrac{2}{4.6}+...+\dfrac{2}{2012.2014}\right)\)

\(-B=\left(\dfrac{3-1}{1.3}+\dfrac{5-3}{3.5}+...+\dfrac{2015-2013}{2013.2015}\right)+\left(\dfrac{4-2}{2.4}+\dfrac{6-4}{4.6}+...+\dfrac{2014-2012}{2012.2014}\right)\)

\(-B=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{2013}-\dfrac{1}{2015}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2012}-\dfrac{1}{2014}\right)\)

\(-B=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2015}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2014}\right)\)

\(-B=\dfrac{2014}{2015}+\dfrac{2012}{2014.2}=\dfrac{2014^2+1006.2015}{2015.2014}\)

\(B=\dfrac{2014^2+1006.2015}{-2015.2014}\)

Bài 1)

Ta có:

A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+\dfrac{1}{7^2}+\dfrac{1}{8^2}\)

A < \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{4.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+\dfrac{1}{6.7}+\dfrac{1}{7.8}\)

A < \(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{8}\)

A < \(1-\dfrac{1}{8}\) = \(\dfrac{7}{8}\) < 1

Vậy A < 1

Bài 2)

Ta thấy:

\(\dfrac{2011}{2012+2013}< \dfrac{2011}{2012};\dfrac{2012}{2012+2013}< \dfrac{2012}{2013}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{2011}{2012+2013}+\dfrac{2012}{2012+2013}< \dfrac{2011}{2012}+\dfrac{2012}{2013}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{2011+2012}{2012+2013}< \dfrac{2011}{2012}+\dfrac{2012}{2013}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) A < B

Bài 3)

Ta có:

B = \(\left(1-\dfrac{1}{1}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right).\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)......\left(1-\dfrac{1}{20}\right)\)

= \(0.\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)......\left(1-\dfrac{1}{20}\right)\)

= 0

Bài 3)

Ta có:

A = \(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+.....+\dfrac{1}{2^{2012}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) 2A = \(2\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+.....+\dfrac{1}{2^{2012}}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\) 2A = \(2+1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+.....+\dfrac{1}{2^{2011}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) 2A - A = \(\left(2+1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+.....+\dfrac{1}{2^{2011}}\right)\)-\(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+.....+\dfrac{1}{2^{2012}}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\) A = 2 - \(\dfrac{1}{2^{2012}}\) = \(\dfrac{2^{2013}-1}{2^{2012}}\)

Bài 5)

\(\pi\) + 5 \(⋮\) \(\pi\) - 2

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\pi\) - 2 + 7 \(⋮\) \(\pi\) - 2

\(\Leftrightarrow\) 7 \(⋮\) \(\pi\) - 2 (vì \(\pi\) - 2 \(⋮\) \(\pi\) - 2)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\pi\) - 2 \(\in\) Ư₍₇₎

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\pi\) - 2 \(\in\) \(\left\{\pm1;\pm7\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\pi\) \(\in\) \(\left\{1;3;-5;9\right\}\)

1/3²< 1/2.3

1/4²< 1/3.4

...

1/100²< 1/99.100

=> 1/2² + 1/3² + 1/4² + ... + 1/100²< 1/2² + 1/2.3 + 1/3.4 + ... + 1/99.100

A < 1/4 + 1/2 -1/3 + 1/3 - 1/4 +... + 1/99 - 1/100

A < 1/4 + 1/2 -1/100 < 1/4 + 1/2 = 3/4

=> A < 3/4

Lời giải:
$M=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{2}{5^2}+\frac{3}{5^3}+...+\frac{2014}{5^{2014}}$

$5M=1+\frac{2}{5}+\frac{3}{5^2}+...+\frac{2014}{5^{2013}}$

$\Rightarrow 4M=5M-M=1+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{5^{2013}}-\frac{2014}{5^{2014}}$
$4M+\frac{2014}{5^{2014}}=1+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{5^{2013}}$

$5(4M+\frac{2014}{5^{2014}})=5+1+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{5^{2012}}$

$\Rightarrow 4(4M+\frac{2014}{5^{2014}})=5-\frac{1}{5^{2013}}$

$M=\frac{5}{16}-\frac{1}{16.5^{2013}-\frac{2014}{4.5^{2014}}$

M=1/4(4/1*5+8/5*13+...+16/25*41)

=1/4(1-1/5+1/5-1/13+...+1/25-1/41)

=40/41*1/4=10/41

\(N=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{16}+...+\dfrac{1}{43}-\dfrac{1}{61}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot\dfrac{60}{61}=\dfrac{20}{61}\)

=>M<N

\(M=\frac{\frac{7}{2012}+\frac{7}{9}-\frac{1}{4}}{\frac{5}{9}-\frac{3}{2012}-\frac{1}{2}}\)

\(M=\frac{\frac{63}{18108}-\frac{14084}{18108}-\frac{4527}{18108}}{\frac{10060}{18108}-\frac{27}{18108}-\frac{9054}{18108}}\)

\(M=\frac{-18548}{979}\)

Bấm máy tính đê

Mình tin chắc đề bài sai , số to quá !!! 

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}< \dfrac{1}{3.4}\)

...

\(\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{n\left(n-1\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow P< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n-1\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow P< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\)

\(\Rightarrow P< 1-\dfrac{1}{n}< 1\)

\(\Rightarrow P< 1\)