vii. fill in a suitable word the smoke signals used (..1..) american indians did not convey the complex messages seen in hollywood movies. smoke signals (..2..) in fact used by the semi-nomadic tribes of the great plains. however, their content was limited (..3..) a few simple messages whose meaning had been agreed upon in (..4..). for example, piman warriors in arizona who had just finished a successful raid might send up a column of (..5..), and the village would reply with two columns of smoke. smoke signals (..6..) most commonly used to broadcast news of victory in battle, or to warn of sickness in a camp or dangers (..7..) as approaching enemies. fires fed (..8..) damp grass or boughs of evergreen sent up the one or two simple, unbroken columns of smoke needed to send a message. the place that the signal comes from - (..9..) on a hill or in a valley - conveyed most of the meaning. when apaches out hunting spotted another group of indians in the distance, they (..10..) a fire conspicuously to the right of their own party that meant “who are you?”.

The smoke signals used (..1..) American Indians did not convey the complex messages seen in Hollywood movies. Smoke signals (..2..) in
fact used by the semi-nomadic tribes of the Great Plains. However, their content was limited (..3..) a few simple messages whose meaning
had been agreed upon in (..4..). For example, Piman warriors in Arizona who had just finished a successful raid might send up a column of
(..5..), and the village would reply with two columns of smoke. Smoke signals (..6..) most commonly used to broadcast news of victory in
battle, or to warn of sickness in a camp or dangers (..7..) as approaching enemies. Fires fed (..8..) damp grass or boughs of evergreen sent
up the one or two simple, unbroken columns of smoke needed to send a message. The place that the signal comes from - (..9..) on a hill or
in a valley - conveyed most of the meaning. When Apaches out hunting spotted another group of Indians in the distance, they (..10..) a fire
conspicuously to the right of their own party that meant “who are you?”.
VIII. Word f
 

1.Read the passage and put a suitable word in each of the gaps

Model traffic lights are an American invenntion . Red-green system were installed in Cleveland (1).........1914.Three-color signals were (2).......in New York in 1918. They used (3).........be operated by hand from a tower in the middle of the street . The first light of the type appeared in London , on the junction between St.Jame Street (4).......Piccadilly, in 1925. Automatic signals were installed a year later. In the past, traffic lights used to (5).......very special. In New York, some light used to (6).........a statue on top

Modern traffic lights are an American invention.Red-green systems were installed in Cleveland (1)..............

1914.Three-coour signas were (2)....................in New York in 1918.They used (3).............be operated by hand from a tower in the middle of the street.The first lights of this type appeared in Lon Don,on the junction between St.James Street (4)................Piccaadily,in 1925.Automatic signals were installed a year late.In the past,traffic used to (5)............very special.In New York,some lights used to (6)............a statue on top.In Los Angeles,the (7)...................did not just change silently,but would ring bells to wake the sleeping motorists of the 1930s.These are gone and have been replaced by modern systems that (8).................seen everywhere now.

Modern traffic lights are an American invention. Red-green systems were installed in Cleveland (1)  1914. Three-color signals were (2)  in New York in 1918. They used (3)  be operated by hand from a tower in the middle of the street. The first lights of this type appeared in London, on the junction between St. James Street (4)  Piccadilly, in 1925. Automatic signals were installed a year later. In the past, traffic lights used to (5)  very special. In New York, some lights used to (6)  a statue on top. In Los Angeles, the (7)  did not just change silently, but would ring bells to wake the sleeping motorists of the 1930s. These are gone and have been replaced by modern systems that (8)  seen everywhere now.

Man discovered............(1) many thousands of years ago.The first time he saw fire was probadly when a tree was struck.........(2) lightning.He soon learned how to make fire for..........(3).However man probadly made his first fire by........(4) two sticks together. Fire was very important to.........(5).He needed fire to keep himself warm at..........(6).He used fire to cook his food.He used fire to frighten away enemies and wild...........(7).In some parts of the..........(8) he used to fire to signal messages.Red Indians,for example,used fire to smoke signals..............(9) some other countries people lit fires to warm their friends...........(10) danger

Exercise 1. Give the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. They are used to (prepare) _______ new lessons.
2. By (work) _______ day and night , he succeeded in ( finish) _______ the job in time.
3. His doctor advised him (give) _______up (smoke)_______.
4. Please stop (talk)_______. We will stop (eat) _______lunch in ten minutes.
5. Stop (argue) _______and start (work) _______.
6. I like (think) _______carefully about things before (make) _______decision.
7. Ask him (come) _______in. Don't keep him (stand) _______at the door.
8. Did you succeed in (solve) _______the problem?
9. Don’t forget (lock)_______ the door before (go)_______ to bed.
10. Don’t try (persuade) _______ me . Nothing can make me (change)_______ my mind.
Exercise 2: Chia các động từ trong ngoặc sau đây thành dạng To V hoặc V-ing
1. Nam suggested ________ (talk) the children to school yesterday.
2. They decided _________ (play) tennis with us last night.
3. Mary helped me ________ (repair) this fan and _______ (clean) the house.
4. We offer ________ (make) a plan.
5. We required them ________ (be) on time.
6. Kim wouldn’t recommend him _______ (go) here alone.
7. Before ________ (go) to bed, my mother turned off the lights.
8. Minh is interested in ________ (listen) to music before _____ (go) to bed.
9. This robber admitted ______ (steal) the red mobile phone last week.
10. Shyn spends a lot of money ________ (repair) her car.
11. It took me 2 hours _______ (buy) the clothes and shoes.
12. Do you have any money ________ (pay) for the hat?
13. Would you like ________ (visit) my grandparents in Paris?
14. Don’t waste her time ___________(complain) about her salary.
15. That questions need ___________ (reply).
16. Viet is used to ________ (cry) when he faces his difficulties.
17. It’s time they stopped ______ (work) here.
18. Will she remember _______ (collect) his suit from the dry – cleaners or shall I do it?
19. Jim forgot ________ (send) this message last night.
20. Hung stopped ______ (eat) meat yesterday.
 

 Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols, and gestures may be found in every known culture. The basic function of signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, for example, the dots and dashes of a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is really great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently. Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s cultural perceptions. In some culture, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also convey certain cultural messages.

          Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods are based upon speech. Radio, television, and the telephone are only a few.

The word “ it” in paragraph 1 refers to______.

A. way        

B. environment      

C. speech     

D. signal

GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORD IN BRACKETS.

1. They are used to ...... (prepare) new lessons. 

 2. His doctor advised him ...... (give) up ...... (smoke). 

 3. By ...... (work) day and night , he succeeded in ...... (finish) the job in time. 

 4. They decided ...... (play) tennis with us last night. 

 5. Minh is interested in ...... (listen) to music before ...... (go) to bed. 

6. Shyn spends a lot of money ...... (repair) her car. 

 7. It took me 2 hours ...... (buy) the clothes and shoes. 

8. Will she remember ...... (collect) his suit from the dry – cleaners or shall I do it? 

 9. Jim forgot ...... (send) this message last night. 

 10. Mary helped me ...... (repair) this fan and ...... (clean) the house.