a) nAl=2,7/27=0,1(mol)

nHCl=14,6/36,5= 0,4(mol)

PTHH: 2Al +6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 +3 H2

Ta có: 0,1/2 < 0,6/4

=> HCl dư, Al hết, tính theo nAl

=> nAlCl3=nAl=0,1(mol)

=> mAlCl3=0,1.133,5=13,35(g)

b) nH2= 3/2. nAl=3/2. 0,1=0,15(mol)

=>V(H2,đktc)=0,15.22,4=3,36(l)

c) mFe2O3(nguyên chất)= 80%. 38,4=30,72(g)

=>nFe2O3= 30,72/160=0,192(mol)

PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3 H2 -to->2 Fe +3 H2O

Ta có: 0,192/1 > 0,15/3

=> H2 hết, Fe2O3 dư, tính theo nH2

=> nFe= 2/3. nH2= 2/3. 0,15=0,1(mol)

=>mFe=0,1.56=5,6(g)

a,\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂ 

Mol:     0,1                    0,1        0,15

Tỉ lệ:\(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,4}{6}\) ⇒ Al pứ hết,HCl dư

\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\)

b,\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)

c,\(m_{Fe_2O_3\left(tinhkhiét\right)}=38,4.\left(100\%-20\%\right)=30,72\left(g\right)\)

⇒\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{30,72}{160}=0,192\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂ → 2Fe + 3H₂O 

Mol :                  0,15       0,1

Tỉ lệ:\(\dfrac{0,192}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{3}\)⇒ Fe₂O₃ dư,H₂ hết

=> m_Fe = 0,1.56 =5,6 (g)

a.b.c.\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

0,1                         0,1      0,15   ( mol )

\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)

\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35g\)

d.\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Fe+3H_2O\)

                  0,15              0,1              ( mol )

\(m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6g\)

\(a,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,65}{65}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

          0,01--->0,02---->0,01---->0,01

\(V_{H_2}=0,01.22,4=0,224\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{ZnCl_2}=0,01.136=1,36\left(g\right)\\ V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,02}{2}=0,01\left(l\right)\)

a, PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

b, Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)

c, Cách 1:

Theo PT: \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)

Cách 2:

Ta có: \(m_{H_2}=0,3.2=0,6\left(g\right)\)

Theo ĐLBT KL, có: m_Al + m_HCl = m_AlCl3 + m_H2

⇒ m_AlCl3 = m_Al + m_HCl - m_H2 = 5,4 + 21,9 - 0,6 = 26,7 (g)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

Bài 1 :

PTHH : Zn + H₂SO₄ ------> ZnSO₄ + H₂

\(n_{Zn}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PTHH : n_H2 = n_Zn = 0,4 mol

=> Khối lượng H₂ được tạo ra ở đktc là :

\(V=n\times22,4\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,4\times22,4\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=8,96\left(l\right)\)

Theo PTHH : n_ZnSO4 = n_Zn = 0,4 mol

=> Khối lượng muối được tạo thành là :

\(m=n\times M\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4}=0,4\times161\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4}=64,4\left(g\right)\)

b) Theo PT : \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

=> Khối lượng \(H_2SO_4\)cần dùng cho phản ứng là :

\(m=n\times M\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\times98\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=39,2\left(g\right)\)

c) Nồng độ phần trăm thu được sau phản ứng là :

\(C\%=\frac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}\times100\%\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%=\frac{39,2}{64,4}\times100\%\approx60,9\%\)

Vậy :.........................

PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{4,05}{27}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{294\cdot10\%}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,15}{2}< \dfrac{0,3}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,075\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\\n_{H_2}=0,225\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,225\cdot22,4=5,04\left(l\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,075\cdot342=25,65\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,075\cdot98=7,35\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,225\cdot2=0,45\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Al}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=297,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{25,65}{297,6}\cdot100\%\approx8,62\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7,35}{297,6}\cdot100\%\approx4,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,16.5=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ ---> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

LTL: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,8}{3}\rightarrow\)H₂SO₄ dư

Theo pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{5}=0,04M\\C_{M\left(H_2SO_4.dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,8-0,3}{5}=0,1M\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1mol\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4mol\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

0,1  <   0,4                           ( mol )

 0,1       0,2          0,1       0,1    ( mol )

Chất dư là HCl

\(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,4-0,2\right).36,5=7,3g\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\)

\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,1.127=12,7g\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\) 
=> H₂SO₄ d 
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pu\right)}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4\left(d\right)}=\left(0,4-0,1\right).98=29,4g\) 
\(n_{H_2}=n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\\ m_{FeSO_4}=0,1.152=15,2g\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m_{Al}}{M_{Al}}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

0,1  >     0,2                                        ( mol )

0,1         0,15           0,05             0,15  ( mol )

\(V_{H_2}=n_{H_2}.22,4=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(du\right)}=n_{H_2SO_4\left(du\right)}.M_{H_2SO_4}=\left(0,2-0,15\right).98=4,9g\)

\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n.M=0,05.342=17,1g\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

0,1       0,2               0                   0

0,1       0,15             0,1                0,15

0          0,05             0,1                0,15

Chất dư sau phản ứng là \(H_2SO_4\) và dư 0,05mol.

\(m_{H_2SO_4dư}=0,05\cdot98=4,9g\)

\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\cdot342=34,2g\)