Từ \(\dfrac{a}{2b}=\dfrac{b}{2c}=\dfrac{c}{2d}=\dfrac{d}{2a}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{d}{a}\)

⇒  \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{d}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d+a}=1\)

⇒   \(a=b=c=d\)

Thay b = a ; c = a ; d = a vào biểu thức A ta có:

\(A=\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{2a}+\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{2a}+\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{2a}+\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{2a}\)

\(A=\dfrac{a}{2a}+\dfrac{a}{2a}+\dfrac{a}{2a}+\dfrac{a}{2a}\)

\(A=\dfrac{1}{2}.4=2\)

Vậy A = 2

\(\dfrac{a}{2b}=\dfrac{b}{2c}=\dfrac{c}{2d}=\dfrac{d}{2a}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{2b}=\dfrac{b}{2c}=\dfrac{c}{2d}=\dfrac{d}{2a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{2a+2b+2c+2d}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

=>\(\dfrac{a}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)=>2a=2b =>a=b

\(\dfrac{b}{2c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)=>2b=2c =>b=c

\(\dfrac{c}{2d}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)=>2c=2d =>c=d

\(\dfrac{d}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)=>2d=2a =>d=a

=>a=b=c=d.

*\(\dfrac{2011a-2010b}{c+d}+\dfrac{2011b-2010c}{a+d}+\dfrac{2011c-2010d}{a+b}+\dfrac{2011d-2010a}{b+c}\)

=\(\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{a+a}+\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{a+a}+\dfrac{2011a-2010d}{a+a}+\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{a+a}\)

=\(\dfrac{a}{2a}+\dfrac{a}{2a}+\dfrac{a}{2a}+\dfrac{a}{2a}\)=2

Giải:

Ta có: \(\dfrac{2012a+b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{a+2012b+c+d}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+2012c+d}{c}\)

\(=\dfrac{a+b+c+2012d}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2012a+b+c+d}{a}-2011=\dfrac{a+2012b+c+d}{b}-2011\)

\(=\dfrac{a+b+2012c+d}{c}-2011=\dfrac{a+b+c+2012d}{d}-2011\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)

+) Xét \(a+b+c+d=0\) ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-\left(c+d\right)\\b+c=-\left(a+d\right)\\c+d=-\left(a+b\right)\\d+a=-\left(b+c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(M=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{b+c}{d+a}=\dfrac{c+d}{a+b}=\dfrac{d+a}{b+c}\)

\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{-\left(c+d\right)}{c+d}=\dfrac{-\left(a+d\right)}{a+d}=\dfrac{-\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}=\dfrac{-\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}=-1\)

+) Xét \(a+b+c+d\ne0\)

\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)

\(M=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{b+c}{d+a}=\dfrac{c+d}{a+b}=\dfrac{d+a}{b+c}\)

\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{2a}{2a}=\dfrac{2a}{2a}=\dfrac{2a}{2a}=\dfrac{2a}{2a}=1\)

Vậy nếu \(a+b+c+d=0\) thì M = -1

nếu \(a+b+c+d\ne0\) thì M = 1

theo đề bài, \(\dfrac{a}{2b}=\dfrac{b}{2c}=\dfrac{c}{2d}=\dfrac{d}{2a}\)=> a=b=c=d và lớn hơn 0

thay b,c,d thành a, có:

A= \(\dfrac{2011a-2010b}{c+d}\)\(+\dfrac{2011b-2010c}{a+d}+\dfrac{2011c-2010d}{a+b}+\dfrac{2011d-2011a}{b+c}\)

=\(\dfrac{a\left(2011-2010\right)}{2a}+\dfrac{a\left(2011-2010\right)}{2a}+\dfrac{a\left(2011-2010\right)}{2a}+\dfrac{a\left(2011-2011\right)}{2a}\)

=\(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+0=\dfrac{3}{2}=1.5\)

\(A=1,5\)

Từ \(\dfrac{a}{2b}=\dfrac{b}{2c}=\dfrac{c}{2d}=\dfrac{d}{2a}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{d}{a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{d}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d+a}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)

Thay \(b=a;c=a;d=a\) vào biểu thức A ta có;

\(A=\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{2a}+\)\(\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{2a}+\)\(\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{2a}+\)\(\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{2a}\)

\(A=\)\(\dfrac{a}{2a}+\)\(\dfrac{a}{2a}+\)\(\dfrac{a}{2a}+\)\(\dfrac{a}{2a}\)

\(A=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot4=2\)

Vậy \(A=2\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\frac{a}{2b}=\frac{b}{2c}=\frac{c}{2d}=\frac{d}{2a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{2b+2c+2d+2a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{2(a+b+c+d)}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{d}{a}=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d\)

Do đó:

\(A=\frac{2011a-2010a}{a+a}+\frac{2011a-2010a}{a+a}+\frac{2011a-2010a}{a+a}+\frac{2011a-2010a}{a+a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}=2\)

Vậy \(A=2\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{2b}=\dfrac{b}{2c}=\dfrac{c}{2d}=\dfrac{d}{2a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow a=b;b=c;c=d;d=a\)

\(A=\dfrac{2011a-2010b}{c+d}+\dfrac{2011b-2010c}{a+d}+\dfrac{2011c-2010d}{a+b}+\dfrac{2011d-2010a}{b+c}\)

\(A=\dfrac{2011c-2010c}{c+c}+\dfrac{2011c-2010c}{c+c}+\dfrac{2011c-2010c}{c+c}+\dfrac{2011c-2010c}{c+c}\)

\(A=\dfrac{c+c+c+c}{c+c}=2\)

Vậy ....................

\(\dfrac{a}{2b}=\dfrac{b}{2c}=\dfrac{c}{2d}=\dfrac{d}{2a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

( theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau )

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot2b\\b=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot2c\\c=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot2d\\d=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot2a\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=d\\d=a\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{a}{2a}+\dfrac{a}{2a}+\dfrac{a}{2a}+\dfrac{a}{2a}=2\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+2d}{d}\)

⇔ \(\dfrac{2a+b+c+d}{a}-1=\dfrac{a+2b+c+d}{b}-1=\dfrac{a+b+2c+d}{c}-1\)

    \(=\dfrac{a+b+c+2d}{d}-1\)

⇔ \(\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)

Nếu a+b+c+d=0

⇒a+b=−(c+d);c+b=−(a+d);c+d=−(a+b);a+d=−(c+b)

Thay vào M, ta có:

\(M=\dfrac{a+b}{-\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{b+c}{-\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{c+d}{-\left(c+d\right)}=\dfrac{a+d}{-\left(a+d\right)}=-1\)

Nếu a+b+c+d ≠0

⇒ \(a=b=c=d\)

Thay vào M, ta có

\(M=\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}=\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}=\dfrac{c+d}{c+d}=\dfrac{d+a}{d+a}=1\)

\(\text{Cùng trừ mỗi tỉ số trên 1 đơn vị ta được:}\)

\(\dfrac{2a+b+c+d}{a}-1=\dfrac{a+2b+c+d}{b}-1=\dfrac{a+b+2c+d}{c}-1=\dfrac{a+b+c+2d}{d}-1\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)

\(\text{Từ đây ta suy ra 2 trường hợp:}\)

\(\text{Trường hợp 1:}\)

\(\text{Nếu }a+b+c+d\notin0\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)

\(\Rightarrow M=1+1+1+1=1.4=4\)

\(\text{Trường hợp 2:}\)

\(\text{Nếu }a+b+c+d=0\text{ thì:}\)

\(a+b=-\left(c+d\right);b+c=-\left(d+a\right)\)

\(c+d=-\left(a+b\right);d+a=-\left(b+c\right)\)

\(\text{Do đó }M=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)=-4\)