Bài 1:
a) (2x - y) + (2x - y) + (2x - y) + 3y
= 3(2x - y) + 3y
= 3(2x - y + 3y)
= 3(2x + 2y)
= 3.2(x + y)
= 6(x + y)

b) (x + 2y) + (x - 2y) + (8x - 3y)
= x + 2y + x - 2y + 8x - 3y
= 9x - 3y
= 3(3x - y)

c) (x + 2y) - 2(x - 2y) - (2x - 3y)
= x + 2y - 2x + 4y - 2x + 3y
= 9y - 3x
= 3(3y - x)

Bài 2:
M + 2(x² - 4y²) + Q = 6x² - 4xy + 5y² + P
M + 2x² - 8y²   -3x² + 7xy - 2y² = 6x² - 4xy + 5y² + 9x² - 6xy + 3y²
M + 2x² - 3x² - 6x² - 9x² - 8y² - 2y² - 5y² - 3y² + 7xy + 4xy + 6xy = 0
M - 16x² - 18y² + 17xy = 0
M = 16x² + 18y² - 17xy

a) \(\dfrac{5x}{10}=\dfrac{x}{2}\)

b) \(\dfrac{4xy}{2y}=2x\left(y\ne0\right)\)

c) \(\dfrac{5x-5y}{3x-3y}=\dfrac{5}{3}\left(x\ne y\right)\)

d) \(\dfrac{x^2-y^2}{x+y}=x-y\left(đk:x\ne-y\right)\)

e) \(\dfrac{x^3-x^2+x-1}{x^2-1}=\dfrac{x^2+1}{x+1}\left(đk:x\ne\pm1\right)\)

f) \(\dfrac{x^2+4x+4}{2x+4}=\dfrac{x+2}{2}\left(đk:x\ne-2\right)\)

a) x²+y²-4x+4y+8=0

⇔ (x-2)²+(y+2)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\y+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)5x²-4xy+y²=0

⇔ x²+(2x-y)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2x-y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

c)x²+2y²+z²-2xy-2y-4z+5=0

⇔ (x-y)²+(y-1)²+(z-2)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\y-1=0\\z-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y=1\\z=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: Ta có: \(5x^2-4xy+y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\dfrac{4}{5}xy+y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}y+\dfrac{4}{25}y^2+\dfrac{21}{25}y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{2}{5}y\right)^2+\dfrac{21}{25}y^2=0\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

d)3x²+3y²+3xy-3x+3y+3=0

⇔ 6x²+6y²+6xy-6x+6y+6=0

⇔ 3(x+y)²+3(x-1)²+3(y+1)²=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\x-1=0\\y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(x^2+3y^2=4xy\Leftrightarrow x^2-xy+3y^2-3xy=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-y\right)-3y\left(x-y\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x-3y\right)=0\)

Do x>y>0 => x-y>0 => \(x-3y=0\Leftrightarrow x=3y\) Thay vào A

\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{2.3y+5y}{3y-2y}=\frac{11y}{y}=11\)

\(\dfrac{2a\cdot x^2-4ax+2a}{5b-5bx^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{2a\left(x^2-2x+1\right)}{5b\left(1-x^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-2a\left(x-1\right)^2}{5b\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{-2a\left(x-1\right)}{5b\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(\dfrac{4x^2-4xy}{5x^3-5x^2y}\)

\(=\dfrac{4x\cdot x-4x\cdot y}{5x^2\cdot x-5x^2\cdot y}\)

\(=\dfrac{4x\left(x-y\right)}{5x^2\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{4}{5x}\)

\(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-z^2}{x+y+z}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y-z\right)}{x+y+z}\)

=x+y-z

\(\dfrac{x^6+2x^3y^3+y^6}{x^7-xy^6}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^6-y^6\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^3+y^3\right)\left(x^3-y^3\right)}=\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)}\)