Ta có \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+1\ge2.\dfrac{a}{b}\)

Lập 2 BĐT tương tự rồi cộng theo vế, ta được:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+3\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\) (*)

Mà ta lại có \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{a}}=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-3\ge-\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\) (**)

Cộng theo vế (*) và (**), ta được đpcm. 

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Cho 3 số dương a, b, c. Chứng minh:\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{c+a}\le3\left(\dfrac{a^2+... - Hoc24

tham khảo ^^

a/(b+c) + b/(a+c) + c/(a+b) = a^2/(ab+ac) + b^2/(ba+bc) + c^2/(ac+bc) >=

(a+b+c)^2/(2.(ab+bc+ac) (buhihacopxki dạng phân thức)

>= (3.(ab+bc+ac)/(2(ab+bc+ac) =3/2

a^2/(b^2+c^2) + b^2/(a^2+c^2) + c^2/(a^2+b^2) >= (a+b+c)^2/(2.(a^2+b^2+c^2) (buhihacopxki dạng phân thức)

>= 3(a^2+b^2+c^2) / 2(a^2+b^2+c^2) >=3/2 

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}-\dfrac{3}{2}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c+a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{2a-b-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)+\left(\dfrac{2b-a-c}{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)+\left(\dfrac{2c-a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b+a-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b-a+b-c}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a+c-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b-a}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{c-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}\right]+\left(a-c\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right]+\left(b-c\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right]\ge0\)

ta có: a,b,c là 3 số dương bất kì nên ta giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)

\(\Rightarrow a+c\ge b+c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+c\right)\ge2\left(b+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\ge0\)

Mà \(a\ge b\Rightarrow a-b\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}\right]\ge0\left(1\right)\)

Chứng minh tương tự, ta có:

\(\left(a-c\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right]\ge0\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(b-c\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right]\ge0\left(3\right)\)

Cộng từng vế (1);(2);(3)  \(\Rightarrow\) luôn đúng

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) 

Áp dụng BĐT BSC:

\(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\)

\(=\dfrac{b\left(a+b\right)-b^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{c\left(b+c\right)-c^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{a\left(c+a\right)-a^2}{c+a}\)

\(=a+b+c-\left(\dfrac{a^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{b^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+a}\right)\)

\(\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

4ab ≤ (a + b)² ⇒ \(\dfrac{4ab}{a+b}\le a+b\)

Tương tự \(\dfrac{4ac}{a+c}\le a+c\) ; \(\dfrac{4bc}{b+c}\le b+c\)

⇒ Cộng lại vế với vế :

4VT ≤ 2 (a+b+c) ⇒ VT ≤ \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)

e)

\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)

=> ĐPCM

BPT?

\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)\right]\left(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{a+c}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{b+c}\right)\le6\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

Giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\) thì \(a+b\ge a+c\ge b+c\) (**)

Và \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{a+c}\ge\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{b+c}\)(*)

Ta sẽ chứng minh (*) : \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{a+c}\Leftrightarrow ab\left(b-a\right)+ac\left(a-c\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-c\right)\left[bc+a\left(b+c-a\right)\right]\ge0\)( đúng khi a,b,c là 3 cạnh 1 tam giác )

Tương tự :\(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{a+c}\ge\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{b+c}\)

Từ (**) và (*) , Áp dụng BĐT chebyshev:( 2 dãy cùng chiều)

\(\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\right]\left(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{a+c}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{b+c}\right)\le3\left(a^2+b^2+b^2+c^2+c^2+a^2\right)=6\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)(đpcm)

Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c

1.

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\dfrac{a}{2a+a+b+c}=\dfrac{a}{25}.\dfrac{\left(2+3\right)^2}{2a+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{a}{25}\left(\dfrac{2^2}{2a}+\dfrac{3^2}{a+b+c}\right)=\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}\)

Tương tự:

\(\dfrac{b}{3b+a+c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}\)

\(\dfrac{c}{a+b+3c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}\)

Cộng vế:

\(VT\le\dfrac{6}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

2.

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a;\dfrac{y}{y-1}=b;\dfrac{z}{z-1}=c\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a\Rightarrow x=ax-a\Rightarrow a=x\left(a-1\right)\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{a}{a-1}\)

Tương tự ta có: \(y=\dfrac{b}{b-1}\) ; \(z=\dfrac{c}{c-1}\)

Biến đổi giả thiết:

\(xyz=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{abc}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow abc=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=a+b+c-1\)

BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:

\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(a+b+c-1\right)\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{b+c}{a^2+bc}=\frac{(b+c)^2}{(b+c)(a^2+bc)}=\frac{(b+c)^2}{b(a^2+c^2)+c(a^2+b^2)}\leq \frac{c^2}{b(a^2+c^2)}+\frac{b^2}{c(a^2+b^2)}\)

Tương tự với các phân thức còn lại:

$\frac{c+a}{b^2+ca}\leq \frac{c^2}{b(a^2+c^2)}+\frac{a^2}{c(a^2+b^2)}$

$\frac{a+b}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{a^2}{b(a^2+c^2)}+\frac{b^2}{c(a^2+b^2)}$

Cộng theo vế và thu gọn suy ra:

$\text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}$ (đpcm)

sửa đề bài tẹo : \(\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\times2\ge\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+3\)