a)

\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{30^2}\\ < \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{29.30}\\ =1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{29}-\dfrac{1}{30}\\ =1-\dfrac{1}{30}=\dfrac{29}{30}< 1\left(dpcm\right)\)

b)

 \(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{1}{10}+\left(\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\\ >\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{100}+\dfrac{1}{100}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{90}{100}\\ =\dfrac{110}{100}>1\left(đpcm\right).\)

c)

\(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{7}+...+\dfrac{1}{17}\\ =\left(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+...+\dfrac{1}{17}\right)\\ < \dfrac{1}{5}.5+\dfrac{1}{8}.8=1+1=2\left(đpcm\right)\)

d) tương tự câu 1

A = \(\dfrac{1}{10}+\left(\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)

→ \(\dfrac{1}{10}+\left(\dfrac{1}{100}+\dfrac{1}{100}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)=\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{90}{100}=1\).

bài này có trong sách Nâng cao và Phát triển bạn nhé

Lời giải:

a) Xét hiệu \(\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}=\frac{(a+n).b-a(b+n)}{b(b+n)}=\frac{n(b-a)}{b(b+n)}\)

Nếu $b>a$ thì $\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}>0\Rightarrow \frac{a+n}{b+n}>\frac{a}{b}$

Nếu $b<a$ thì $\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}<0\Rightarrow \frac{a+n}{b+n}<\frac{a}{b}$

Nếu $b=a$ thì $\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}=0\Rightarrow \frac{a+n}{b+n}=\frac{a}{b}$

b) Rõ ràng $10^{11}-1< 10^{12}-1$. 

Đặt $10^{11}-1=a; 10^{12}-1=b; 11=n$ thì: $a< b$; $A=\frac{a}{b}$ và $B=\frac{10^{11}+10}{10^{12}+10}=\frac{a+n}{b+n}$

Áp dụng kết quả phần a:

$b>a\Rightarrow \frac{a+n}{b+n}>\frac{a}{b}$ hay $B>A$

a) Đặt :

\(A=\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{1}{3!}+\dfrac{1}{4!}+.................+\dfrac{1}{100!}\)

Ta thấy :

\(\dfrac{1}{2!}=\dfrac{1}{1.2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{3!}=\dfrac{1}{1.2.3}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{4!}=\dfrac{1}{1.2.3.4}< \dfrac{1}{3.4}\)

.....................................

\(\dfrac{1}{100!}=\dfrac{1}{1.2.3..........100}< \dfrac{1}{99.100}\)

\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...........+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)

\(A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...........+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)

\(A< 1-\dfrac{1}{100}\)

\(A< \dfrac{99}{100}< 1\)

\(\Rightarrow A< 1\rightarrowđpcm\)

b) Đặt :

\(B=\dfrac{9}{10!}+\dfrac{9}{11!}+\dfrac{9}{12!}+.............+\dfrac{9}{1000!}\)

Ta thấy :

\(\dfrac{9}{10!}=\dfrac{10-1}{10!}=\dfrac{1}{9!}-\dfrac{1}{10!}\)

\(\dfrac{9}{11!}< \dfrac{11-1}{11!}=\dfrac{1}{10!}-\dfrac{1}{11!}\)

...................................................

\(\dfrac{9}{1000!}< \dfrac{1000-1}{1000!}=\dfrac{1}{999!}-\dfrac{1}{1000!}\)

\(\Rightarrow B< \dfrac{1}{9!}-\dfrac{1}{10!}+\dfrac{1}{10!}-\dfrac{1}{11!}+............+\dfrac{1}{999!}-\dfrac{1}{1000!}\)

\(B< \dfrac{1}{9!}-\dfrac{1}{1000!}\)

\(\Rightarrow B< \dfrac{1}{9!}\rightarrowđpcm\)

~ Chúc bn học tốt ~

Lời giải:

$B=\frac{10^{11}+10}{10^{12}+10}$

Đặt $10^{11}-1=a; 10^{12}-1=b$ thì $0< a< b$. Khi đó:

$A-B=\frac{a}{b}-\frac{a+11}{b+11}=\frac{11(a-b)}{b(b+11)}<0$

$\Rightarrow A< B$

Dễ vãi

tỉ số của a / b là (92 - 1/9 - 2/ 10 - 3/11 - ... - 92/100) trên 1/45 + 1/50 + ... + 1/500 :)) hay ngắn tắc hơn là A/B cho nhanh :)))))))))))))))

\(A=\left(1+1+...+1\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{2}{10}+...+\dfrac{92}{100}\right)\)𝓒𝓸́ 92 𝓼𝓸̂́ 1

\(A=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{9}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{2}{10}\right)+...+\left(1-\dfrac{92}{100}\right)\)

\(A=\dfrac{8}{9}+\dfrac{8}{10}+...+\dfrac{8}{100}\)

\(A=8.\left(\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{10}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)

\(B=\dfrac{1}{45}+\dfrac{1}{50}+...+\dfrac{1}{500}\)

\(B=\dfrac{1}{5}.\left(\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{10}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{A}{B}=\dfrac{8.\left(\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{10}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{5}.\left(\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{10}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{A}{B}=\dfrac{8}{\dfrac{1}{5}}=40\)

𝓥𝓪̣̂𝔂 𝓽𝓲̉ 𝓼𝓸̂́ 𝓬𝓾̉𝓪 𝓐 𝓿𝓪̀ 𝓑 𝓵𝓪̀ 40