Phương trình phản ứng:

   Tỉ lệ mol:

   Vậy  H 2 O  dư và  P 2 O 5  hết.

   → Chọn C.

$n_{P_2O_5} = 0,2(mol) ; n_{H_2O} = 5(mol)$
$P_2O_5 + H_2O \to 2H_3HO_4$

Ta thấy : $n_{P_2O_5} < n_{H_2O}$ nên $H_2O$ dư

$n_{H_3PO_4} = 2n_{P_2O_5} = 0,4(mol)$
$m_{H_3PO_4} = 0,4.98 = 39,2(gam)$

\(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{28.4}{142}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{90}{18}=5\left(mol\right)\)

\(P_2O_5+3H_2O\rightarrow2H_3PO_4\)

\(1.........3\)

\(0.2..........5\)

\(LTL:\dfrac{0.2}{1}< \dfrac{5}{3}\Rightarrow H_2Odư\)

\(m_{H_3PO_4}=0.2\cdot2\cdot98=39.2\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{28,4}{142}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn Photpho: \(n_{H_3PO_4}=2n_{P_2O_5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_3PO_4}=0,4\cdot98=39,2\left(g\right)\)

n_Al = 0,5 mol

nO2 = 0,3 mol

4Al + 3O₂ \(\underrightarrow{t^o}\) 2Al₂O₃

Đặt tỉ lệ ta có

\(\dfrac{0,5}{4}\) > \(\dfrac{0,3}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Al dư

\(\Rightarrow\) m_{Al dư} = ( 0,5 - 0,4 ).27 = 2,7 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\) m_Al2O3 = 0,2.102 = 20,4 (g)

\(1\\ 2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na} = \dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{4,6}{23} = 0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(lít)\\ 2\\ P_2O_5 + 3H_2O \to 2H_3PO_4\\ n_{H_3PO_4} = 2.n_{P_2O_5} = 2.\dfrac{14,2}{142} = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_3PO_4} = 0,2.98 = 19,6\ gam\)

Câu 1:

PTHH: \(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{4,6}{23}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\m_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot40=8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu 2:

PTHH: \(P_2O_5+3H_2O\rightarrow2H_3PO_4\)

Ta có: \(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{14,2}{142}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_3PO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_3PO_4}=0,2\cdot98=19,6\left(g\right)\)

\(n_P=\dfrac{12,4}{31}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{17}{32}=0,53125\left(mol\right)\\ 4P+5O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2P_2O_5\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,4}{4}< \dfrac{0,53125}{5}\Rightarrow O_2dư\\ n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{5}{4}.0,4=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=32.\left(0,53125-0,5\right)=1\left(g\right)\\ n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{2}{4}.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=142.0,2=28,4\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{3,6}{18}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ P_2O_5+3H_2O\rightarrow2H_3PO_4\\ a,n_{P_2O_5}=n_{H_2O}:3=0,2:3=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{142.1}{15}=\dfrac{142}{15}\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{H_3PO_4}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,2=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_3PO_4}=98.\dfrac{2}{15}=\dfrac{196}{15}\left(g\right)\)

Đáp án A

n_NaOH = 0,55 mol ; n_H3PO4 = 0,2 mol

=> 2 < n_NaOH / n_H3PO4 < 3

Các phản ứng :

2NaOH + H₃PO₄ -> Na₂HPO₄ + 2H₂O

  2x        x

3NaOH + H₃PO₄ -> Na₃PO₄ + 3H₂O

   3y              y

=> 2x + 3y = 0,55 ; x + y = 0,2

=> x = 0,05 ; y = 0,15 mol

=> Na₂HPO₄ và Na₃PO₄; 7,1g và 24,6g.