\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(n_{HCl}=\frac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_H\) (trước phản ứng) = 0,2 (mol)

\(n_{H_2}=\frac{0,18}{2}=0,09\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_H\)(sau phản ứng) = 0,18 (mol)

Ta thấy: \(n_H\)(trước phản ứng) > \(n_H\)(sau phản ứng) \(\left(0,2>0,18\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow HCl\) dư.

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=n_{MgCl_2}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow24a+56b=5,12\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,688}{22,4}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+2b=0,24\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=n_{MgCl_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=n_{FeCl_2}=0,07\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl\left(p/ứ\right)}=2n_{MgCl_2}+2n_{FeCl_2}=0,24\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=n_{NaOH}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot36,5}{36,5\%}=30\left(g\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=0,12\cdot2=0,24\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=34,88\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,07\cdot127}{34,88}\cdot100\%\approx25,49\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot95}{34,88}\cdot100\%\approx13,62\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,04\cdot36,5}{34,88}\cdot100\%\approx4,19\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (1)

                \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (2)

b) Dựa vào đề, ta thấy chắc chắn HCl dư

Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol của Fe là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)

Gọi số mol của Mg là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=8\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=56\cdot0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=24\cdot0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{8}\cdot100\%=70\%\\\%m_{Mg}=30\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) Theo các PTHH: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Fe}=n_{Mg}=0,1mol\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot95=9,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=22,2\left(g\right)\)

d) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=\dfrac{500\cdot16\%}{36,5}=\dfrac{160}{73}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\cdot36,5=65,4\left(g\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=507,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,5\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx1,87\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{65,4}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx12,88\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đáp án : B

Bảo toàn khối lượng

⇒ m C l 2 + m O 2 = 2 , 61

Cl₂ : x mol ; O₂ : y mol ; Ag:z mol ; AgCl : (2x + 0,03)

ta có 71x + 32y = 2,61

(2x + 0,03).143,5 + 108z =13,995

2x+ 4y + z= 0,02.2 + 0,03.3

=>x = 0,03 ; y = 0,015 ; z = 0,01

=>%V_O2 = 0,015.100/(0,015 + 0,03) = 33,33%

Đáp án là B.  33,33%.

\(Đặt:\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(m_{hh}=24x+56y=13.6\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2}=x+y=0.3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0.1\\y=0.2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%Mg=\dfrac{0.1\cdot24}{13.6}\cdot100\%=17.64\%\\ \%Fe=100-17.64=82.36\%\)

\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=2\cdot0.3=0.6\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.6}{2}=0.3\left(l\right)\)

\(m_Y=m_{MgCl_2}+m_{FeCl_2}=0.1\cdot95+0.2\cdot127=34.9\left(g\right)\)