Bạn tự điền , chú ý 2x-1 là số lẻ

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a)

10 chia hết chp x+2

<=> \(x+2\inƯ_{10}\)

<=> \(x+2\in\left\{1;2;5;10\right\}\)

<=> \(x+2\in\left\{-1;0;3;8\right\}\)

Vậy \(x+2\in\left\{-1;0;3;8\right\}\)

b)

21 chia hết cho 2x + 5

\(\Leftrightarrow2x+5\in\left\{1;3;7;21\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x+5\in\left\{-2;-1;1;8\right\}\)

Vậy ....

c) 18 chia hết cho x - 3

\(\Leftrightarrow x-3\in\left\{1;2;3;6;9;18\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{4;5;6;9;11;121\right\}\)

Vậy .........

d)

5x + 3 chia hết cho 3x + 2

<=> 3(5x + 3 ) - 5(3x+2) chia hết cho 3x + 2

<=> 15x + 9 - 15x - 10 chia hết cho 3x + 2

<=> - 1 chia hết cho 3x + 2

<=> 1 chia hết cho 3x + 2

<=> x = - 1

Vậy ....

Bài 1: 

a) Ta có: \(\left(2x-1\right)^{20}=\left(2x-1\right)^{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^{20}-\left(2x-1\right)^{18}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^{18}\left[\left(2x-1\right)^2-1\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^{18}\cdot\left(2x-2\right)\cdot2x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Ta có: \(\left(2x-3\right)^2=9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-3=3\\2x-3=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=6\\2x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) Ta có: \(\left(x-5\right)^2=\left(1-3x\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)^2-\left(3x-1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5-3x+1\right)\left(x-5+3x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(-2x-4\right)\left(4x-6\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 2: 

a) \(15^{20}-15^{19}=15^{19}\left(15-1\right)=15^{19}\cdot14⋮14\)

b) \(3^{20}+3^{21}+3^{22}=3^{20}\left(1+3+3^2\right)=3^{20}\cdot13⋮13\)

c) \(3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{2007}\)

\(=3\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^{2005}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\)

\(=13\left(3+...+3^{2005}\right)⋮13\)

a) x = 4 ; -4 ; 6 ; -6

b) x = 1

a, suy ra x-2 thuộc ước của 8

ước của 8 là 1,-1,2,-2,4,-4,8,-8,

ta có bảng sau

Vậy x= 3,1,4,0,6,-2,10,-6

vádf

\(8x+21⋮2x+3\)

\(\Rightarrow4\left(2x+3\right)+9⋮2x+3\)

\(\Rightarrow2x+3\inƯ\left(9\right)=\left\{\pm1,\pm3,\pm9\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow2x+3=-1\Rightarrow x=-\frac{3}{2}\)( LOẠI )

     \(2x+3=1\Rightarrow x=-1\)( LOẠI )

     \(2x+3=-3\Rightarrow x=-3\)( LOẠI )

     \(2x+3=3\Rightarrow x=0\)( TM )

     \(2x+3=-9\Rightarrow x=-6\)( LOẠI )

     \(2x+3=9\Rightarrow x=3\)( TM )

          VẬY x = 0 hoặc x = 3