\(a,2^{x+1}=3^y=12^x\Rightarrow2^{x+1}.3^y=2^{2x}.3y\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{2^x}{2^{x+1}}=\frac{3^y}{3^x}\Rightarrow2^{2-x-x-1}=3^{y-x}\)

1.

a,  \(x-14=3x+18\)                                                                       

\(\Rightarrow x-3x=18+14\)                                                                 

\(\Rightarrow-2x=32\Rightarrow x=\frac{32}{-2}=-16\)

b, \(\left(x+7\right).\left(x-9\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+7=0\\x-9=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-7\\x=9\end{cases}}}\)

c, \(\left|2x-5\right|-7=22\)                                                                     

\(\Rightarrow\left|2x-5\right|=22+7\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|2x-5\right|=29\)

\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x+5=29\\2x-5=29\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x=24\\2x=34\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\orbr{\begin{cases}x=12\\x=17\end{cases}}\)

d,  \(\left(\left|2x\right|-5\right)-7=22\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\left|2x\right|-5\right)=29\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|2x\right|=29+5\Rightarrow\left|2x\right|=34\Rightarrow x=\pm17\)

e, \(\left|x+3\right|+\left|x+9\right|+\left|x+5\right|=4x\)

Vì \(\left|x+3\right|\ge0;\left|x+9\right|\ge0;\left|x+5\right|\ge0;4x\ge0\)

Nên \(\left|x+3\right|+\left|x+9\right|+\left|x+5\right|=4x\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|x+3\right|>0\Rightarrow\left|x+3\right|=x+3\)

     \(\left|x+9\right|>0\Rightarrow\left|x+9\right|=x+9\)

      \(\left|x+5\right|>0\Rightarrow\left|x+5\right|=x+5\)

Ta có : 

\(x+3+x+9+x+5=4x\)

\(\Rightarrow3x+\left(3+9+5\right)=4x\)

\(\Rightarrow4x-3x=17\)

\(\Rightarrow x=17\)

2. a , b sai đề bn 

c, \(\left(5x+1\right).\left(y-1\right)=4\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(5x+1\right).\left(y-1\right)\inƯ\left(4\right)\)

\(\text{ }Ư\left(4\right)=\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)

Ta có bảng sau : 

d, \(5xy-5x+y=5\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(5xy-5x\right)+y=5\)

\(\Rightarrow5x.\left(y-1\right)+y=5\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(5x+1\right).\left(y-1\right)=4\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(5x+1\right).\left(y-1\right)\inƯ\left(4\right)\)

\(Ư\left(4\right)=\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)

Ta có bảng sau : 

x - 14 = 3x + 18

x - 3x = 18 + 14

-2x= 32

x= 32 : (-2)

x=-16

l) (x + 9) . (x² – 25) = 0  

<=> (x + 9) . (x – 5) . (x + 5) = 0   

<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\text{x + 9 = 0}\\x-5=0\\x+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-9\\x=5\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy S = \(\left\{-9,5,-5\right\}\)

      e) |x - 4 |< 7         

<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-4=7\\x-4=-7\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=11\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy S = \(\left\{11;-3\right\}\)

I,(x+9).(x^2-25)=0

tương đương:x+9=0

                       x^2-25=0

tương đương : x=-9

                       x=5

e,\(\left|x-4\right|\)=7

tương đương x-4=4

                       x-4=-4

tương đương :x=0

                        x=-8

Bài 1: 

l) Ta có: \(\left(x+9\right)\left(x^2-25\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+9\right)\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+9=0\\x-5=0\\x+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-9\\x=5\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: \(x\in\left\{-9;5;-5\right\}\)

e) Ta có: |x-4|<7

mà \(\left|x-4\right|\ge0\forall x\)

nên \(\left|x-4\right|\in\left\{0;1;2;3;4;5;6\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-4\in\left\{0;1;-1;2;-2;3;-3;4;-4;5;-5;6;-6\right\}\)

hay \(x\in\left\{4;5;3;6;2;7;1;8;0;9;-1;10;-2\right\}\)

Vậy: \(x\in\left\{4;5;3;6;2;7;1;8;0;9;-1;10;-2\right\}\)

f) Ta có: \(40< 31+\left|x\right|< 47\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x\right|+31\in\left\{41;42;43;44;45;46\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x\right|\in\left\{10;11;12;13;14;15\right\}\)

hay \(x\in\left\{10;-10;11;-11;12;-12;13;-13;-14;14;15;-15\right\}\)

Vậy: \(x\in\left\{10;-10;11;-11;12;-12;13;-13;-14;14;15;-15\right\}\)

g) Ta có: \(\left|x+3\right|\le2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x+3\right|\in\left\{0;1;2\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+3\in\left\{0;1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)

hay \(x\in\left\{-3;-2;-4;-1;-5\right\}\)

Vậy: \(x\in\left\{-3;-2;-4;-1;-5\right\}\)