Cách 1:  x 2  + 2xy - 15 y 2 = ( x 2  + 2xy + y 2 ) - 16 y 2

= x + y 2 - 4 y 2

= (x + y + 4y)(x + y – 4y)

= (x + 5y)(x – 3y).

Cách 2:  x 2  + 2xy - 15 y 2  =  x 2  + 5xy – 3xy - 15 y 2

= x(x + 5y) – 3y(x + 5y)

= (x – 3y)(x + 5y).

=(x²+2x+1)-y²=(x+1)²-y²=(x-y+1)(x+y+1)

\(x^2+2x+1-y^2\)

\(=\left(x+1\right)^2-y^2\)

\(=\left(x+1-y\right)\left(x+1+y\right)\)

x2 + 2x – 3

= x2 + 2x + 1 – 4

= (x + 1)2 – 22

= (x + 1 + 2)(x + 1 – 2)

= (x + 3)(x – 1)

a/

\(x^2-2x+1=\left(x-1\right)^2\)

b/

\(x^2-5x+xy-5y=x\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x+y\right)=\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-5\right)\)

a) \(x^2-y^2-3x+3y\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-3\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-3\right)\)

b) \(2x+2y-x^2+y^2\)

\(=2\left(x+y\right)-\left(x^2-y^2\right)\)

\(=2\left(x+y\right)-\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(2-x+y\right)\)

c) \(x^2-16+y^2+2xy\)

\(=x^2+y^2+2xy-16\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)^2-16\)

\(=\left(x+y+4\right)\left(x+y-4\right)\)

a) \(x^2-y^2-3x+3y\)

\(=\left(ax+y\right)\left(ax-y\right)-3.\left(x-y\right)\)

b) \(2x+2y-x^2+y^2\)

\(=2\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)\)

c) \(x^2-16+y^2+2xy\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)+2xy-16\)

a) Áp dụng HĐT 1 thu được ( 2 x   +   y ) 2 .

b) Áp dụng HĐT 3 với A = 2x + l; B = x - l thu được

[(2x +1) + (x -1)] [(2x +1) - (x -1)] rút gọn thành 3x(x + 2).

c) Ta có: 9 - 6x +  x 2  -  y 2 = ( 3   -   x ) 2  -  y 2  = (3 - x - y)(3 -x + y).

d) Ta có: -(x + 2) + 3( x 2  - 4) = -{x + 2) + 3(x + 2)(x - 2)

= (x + 2) [-1 + 3(x - 2)] = (x + 2)(3x - 7).