a) 4x^2 - 12xy + 9y^2

=(2x)^2 - 2.2.3xy + (3y)^2

=(2x+3y)^2

b) 27a^3 - 64b^3

=(3a)^3 - (4b)^3

=(3a - 4b) [(3a)^2 +3a.4b +(4B)^2]

d) (2x - 6y)^2 - (3xy - 4)^2

=[ (2x - 6y)+ (3xy - 4) ] [ (2x - 6y)- (3xy - 4) ]

\(1,a,4x^2-12xy+9y^2\)

\(=\left(2x\right)^2-2.3.2xy+\left(3y\right)^2\)

\(=\left(2x-3y\right)^2\)

\(b,27a^3-64b^3\)

\(=\left(3a\right)^3-\left(4b\right)^3\)

\(\left(3a-4b\right)\left(9a^2+12ab+16b^2\right)\)

Bài 5:

a) \(A=x^2-4x+9=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+5=\left(x-2\right)^2+5\ge5\)

\(minA=5\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

b) \(B=x^2-x+1=\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(minB=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

c) \(C=2x^2-6x=2\left(x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)-\dfrac{9}{2}=2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{2}\ge-\dfrac{9}{2}\)

\(minC=-\dfrac{9}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Bài 4:

a) \(M=4x-x^2+3=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+7=-\left(x-2\right)^2+7\le7\)

\(maxM=7\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

b) \(N=x-x^2=-\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(maxN=\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

c) \(P=2x-2x^2-5=-2\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{9}{2}=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{2}\le-\dfrac{9}{2}\)

\(maxP=-\dfrac{9}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Bài 1:

$A=(9x^2-5x)+(5y^2+3y)$

$=[(3x)^2-2.3x.\frac{5}{6}+(\frac{5}{6})^2]+5(y^2+\frac{3}{5}y+\frac{3^2}{10^2})-\frac{103}{90}$

$=(3x-\frac{5}{6})^2+5(y+\frac{3}{10})^2-\frac{103}{90}$

$\geq \frac{-103}{90}$

Vậy $A_{\min}=\frac{-103}{90}$. Giá trị này đạt tại $3x-\frac{5}{6}=y+\frac{3}{10}=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(\frac{5}{18}, \frac{-3}{10})$

Bài 2:

a. 

$-A=4x^2+5y^2-8xy-10y-12$

$=(4x^2-8xy+4y^2)+(y^2-10y+25)-37$

$=(2x-2y)^2+(y-5)^2-37\geq -37$

$\Rightarrow A\leq 37$

Vậy $A_{\max}=37$. Giá trị này đạt tại $2x-2y=y-5=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=y=5$

b.

$-B=3x^2+16y^2+8xy+5x-2$

$=(x^2+16y^2+8xy)+2(x^2+\frac{5}{2}x+\frac{5^2}{4^2})-\frac{41}{8}$

$=(x+4y)^2+2(x+\frac{5}{4})^2-\frac{41}{8}$

$\geq \frac{-41}{8}$

$\Rightarrow B\leq \frac{41}{8}$
Vậy $B_{\max}=\frac{41}{8}$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x+4y=x+\frac{5}{4}=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-5}{4}; y=\frac{5}{16}$

\(A=\left|3-x\right|+8\ge8\)

\(minA=8\Leftrightarrow x=3\)

\(B=\left|x+2\right|-4\ge-4\)

\(minB=-4\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)

\(A=\left|3-x\right|+8\ge8\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3

\(B=\left|x+2\right|-4\ge-4\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-2

d: =>4x+6=15x-12

=>4x-15x=-12-6=-18

=>-11x=-18

hay x=18/11

e: =>\(45x+27=12+24x\)

=>21x=-15

hay x=-5/7

f: =>35x-5=96-6x

=>41x=101

hay x=101/41

g: =>3(x-3)=90-5(1-2x)

=>3x-9=90-5+10x

=>3x-9=10x+85

=>-7x=94

hay x=-94/7

Ta có: A = 2x² - 5x - 8 = 2(x² - 5/2x + 25/16) - 89/8 = 2(x - 5/4)² - 89/8

Ta luôn có: 2(x - 5/4)² \(\ge\)0 \(\forall\)x

=> 2(x - 5/4)² - 89/8 \(\ge\)-89/8 \(\forall\)x

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - 5/4 = 0 <=> x = 5/4

Vậy Min của A = -89/8 tại x = 5/4

Ta có: B = -x² - 4x + 3 = -(x² + 4x + 4) + 7 = -(x + 2)² + 7

Ta luôn có: -(x + 2)² \(\le\)0 \(\forall\)x

=> -(x + 2)² + 7 \(\le\)7 \(\forall\)x

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x + 2 = 0 <=> x = -2

Vậy Max của B = 7 tại x = -2

\(A=\dfrac{x^2-4x+1}{x^2}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}-\dfrac{4}{x}+1=\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}-\dfrac{4}{x}+4\right)-3=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\)

\(A_{min}=-3\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

b: \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-2}{A}=\dfrac{\left(5x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}{x^2\left(5x-1\right)+3\left(5x-1\right)}=\dfrac{x-2}{x^2+3}\)

hay \(A=x^2+3\)