a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\); n_HCl = 0,2.2,5 = 0,5 (mol)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\) => Mg hết, HCl dư

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

            0,2--->0,4----->0,2---->0,2

=> V_H2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)

b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(HCl.dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,5-0,4}{0,2}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(MgCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

200ml = 0,2l

\(n_{HCl}=2,5.0,2=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)

         1         2               1           1

        0,2      0,5            0,2         0,2

a) Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\)

                     ⇒ Mg phản ứng hết , HCl dư

                     ⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của Mg

\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

b) \(n_{MgCl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

  \(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,5-\left(0,2.2\right)=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(C_{MMgCl2}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)

\(C_{MddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\)

 Chúc bạn học tốt

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4.48}{22.4}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(...........0.4.....0.2...0.2\)

\(m_{HCl}=0.4\cdot36.5=14.6\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{MgCl_2}=0.2\cdot111=22.2\left(g\right)\)

\(Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=10,2\\x+1,5y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{10,2}.100=47,06\%\\ \%m_{Al}=52,94\%\\ n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+3n_{Al}=0,2.2+0,3.2=1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)\)

Chọn đáp án A.

Đáp án A

a)

Coi V dd HCl = 100(ml)

m dd HCl = 1,25.100 = 125(gam)

n HCl = 125.7,3%/36,5 = 0,25(mol)

[H⁺ ] = [Cl^- ] = CM HCl = 0,25/0,1 = 2,5M

b)

n Al = 0,235(mol)

2Al + 6HCl $\to$ 2AlCl3 + 3H2

n HCl pư = 3n Al = 0,705(mol)

n HCl dư = 0,4.2 - 0,705 = 0,095(mol)

[H⁺ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,095/0,4 = 0,2375M

pH = -log([H⁺ ]) = 0,624

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25(mol)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ a,n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,25(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6(l)\\ b,PTHH:CuO+H_2\xrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,25(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,25.64=16(g)\)

$MgO+ 2HNO_3 \to Mg(NO_3)_2 + H_2O$
$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} =6 + 200 = 206(gam)$
$n_{Mg(NO_3)_2} = n_{MgO} = \dfrac{6}{40} = 0,15(mol)$
$C\%_{Mg(NO_3)_2} = \dfrac{0,15.148}{206}.100\% = 10,78\%$