a) Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{x}{3} = \frac{y}{4} \Rightarrow \frac{x}{3}.\frac{1}{5} = \frac{y}{4}.\frac{1}{5} \Rightarrow \frac{x}{{15}} = \frac{y}{{20}};\\\frac{y}{5} = \frac{z}{6} \Rightarrow \frac{y}{5}.\frac{1}{4} = \frac{z}{6}.\frac{1}{4} \Rightarrow \frac{y}{{20}} = \frac{z}{{24}}\end{array}\)

Vậy  \(\frac{x}{{15}} = \frac{y}{{20}} = \frac{z}{{24}}\) (đpcm)

b) Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\frac{x}{{15}} = \frac{y}{{20}} = \frac{z}{{24}} = \frac{{x - y + z}}{{15 - 20 + 24}} = \frac{{ - 76}}{{19}} =  - 4\)

Vậy x = 15 . (-4) = -60; y = 20. (-4) = -80; z = 24 . (-4) = -96

\(\frac{x-1}{3}=\frac{2y-1}{4}=\frac{z+2}{5}=\frac{y+t+3}{6}\)\(=\frac{x-1+2y-1+z+2-y-t-3}{3+4+5-6}\)

\(=\frac{x+y+z-t-3}{6}=\frac{1-3}{6}=-\frac{1}{3}\)

=> \(x-1=-1;2y-1=-\frac{4}{3};z+2=-\frac{5}{3};y+t+3=-2\)

=> \(x=0;y=-\frac{1}{6};z=-\frac{11}{3};t=-\frac{29}{6}\)

Ta có x + y + z - t = 1

=> x + y + z = 1 + t

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có : 

\(\frac{x-1}{3}=\frac{2y-1}{4}=\frac{z+2}{5}=\frac{y+t+3}{6}=\frac{x-1+2y-1+z+2-y-t-3}{3+4+5-6}=\frac{-2}{6}=\frac{-1}{3}\)

=> x = 0 ; y = -1/6 ; z = -11/3 ; t = - 5/6 

1, ta co \(\frac{x}{5}=\frac{y}{6}=\frac{x}{20}=\frac{y}{24}\)

\(\frac{y}{8}=\frac{z}{7}=\frac{y}{24}=\frac{z}{21}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{20}=\frac{y}{24}=\frac{z}{21}=\frac{x+y-z}{20+24-21}=\frac{69}{23}=3\)

=>\(x=3\cdot20=60\)

    \(y=3\cdot24=72\)

    \(z=3\cdot21=63\)

3. ta co \(\frac{x}{15}=\frac{y}{7}=\frac{z}{3}=\frac{t}{1}=\frac{x+y-z+t}{15-7+3-1}=\frac{10}{10}=1\)

=> \(x=1\cdot15=15\)

     \(y=1\cdot7=7\)

     \(z=1\cdot3=3\)

     \(t=1\cdot1=1\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau

\(\frac{x}{5}=\frac{y}{7}=\frac{z}{9}=\frac{x-y+z}{5-7+9}=\frac{315}{7}=45\)

  suy ra:   x/5 = 45   =>  x  =  225

               y/7 = 45  =>  y  =  315

               z/9 = 45  =>  z  =  405

a)\(\frac{a^2+a+3}{a+1}=\frac{a\left(a+1\right)+3}{a+1}=\frac{a\left(a+1\right)}{a+1}+\frac{3}{a+1}=a+\frac{3}{a+1}\in Z\)

\(\Rightarrow3⋮a+1\)

\(\Rightarrow a+1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow a\in\left\{0;-2;2;-4\right\}\)

b) Phần 1

\(x-2xy+y=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2x-4xy+2y=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2x-4xy+2y-1=-1\)

\(\Rightarrow2x\left(1-2y\right)-\left(1-2y\right)=-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(1-2y\right)=-1\)

Lập bảng xét Ư(-1)={1;-1}

Phần 2:

\(\frac{x}{y+z+t}=\frac{y}{z+t+x}=\frac{z}{t+x+y}=\frac{t}{x+y+z}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{y+z+t}+1=\frac{y}{z+t+x}+1=\frac{z}{t+x+y}+1=\frac{t}{x+y+z}+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y+z+t}{y+z+t}=\frac{y+z+t+x}{z+t+x}=\frac{z+t+x+y}{t+x+y}=\frac{t+x+y+z}{x+y+z}\)

+)XÉt \(x+y+z+t\ne0\) suy ra \(x=y=z=t\), Khi đó \(P=1+1+1+1=4\)

+)Xét \(x+y+z+t=0\) suy ra x+y=-(z+t); y+z=-(t+x); (z+t)=-(x+y); (t+x)=-(y+z)

Khi đó \(P=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)=-4\)

Vậy P có giá trị nguyên 

-24/-6=12/3  => y=12

-24/-6=4 => z=1

 -24/-6 =-8/-2 => t= -2

nha ban..