a, ĐK: \(x\le-1,x\ge3\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2-2x-3\right)+\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}-3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}+3\right).\left(\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}=-\dfrac{3}{2}\left(l\right)\\\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-3=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\pm\sqrt{5}\left(tm\right)\)

b, ĐK: \(-2\le x\le2\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{2+x}-2\sqrt{2-x}=t\Rightarrow t^2=10-3x-4\sqrt{4-x^2}\)

Khi đó phương trình tương đương:

\(3t-t^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\\t=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2+x}-2\sqrt{2-x}=0\\\sqrt{2+x}-2\sqrt{2-x}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2+x=8-4x\\2+x=17-4x+12\sqrt{2-x}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{6}{5}\left(tm\right)\\5x-15=12\sqrt{2-x}\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vì \(-2\le x\le2\Rightarrow5x-15< 0\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) vô nghiệm

Vậy phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(x=\dfrac{6}{5}\)

c, ĐK: \(0\le x\le9\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{9x-x^2}=t\left(0\le t\le\dfrac{9}{2}\right)\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow9+2\sqrt{9x-x^2}=-x^2+9x+m\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(-x^2+9x\right)+2\sqrt{9x-x^2}+9=m\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-t^2+2t+9=m\)

Khi \(m=9,pt\Leftrightarrow-t^2+2t=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\\t=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}9x-x^2=0\\9x-x^2=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(tm\right)\\x=9\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{9\pm\sqrt{65}}{2}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Phương trình đã cho có nghiệm khi phương trình \(m=f\left(t\right)=-t^2+2t+9\) có nghiệm

\(\Leftrightarrow minf\left(t\right)\le m\le maxf\left(t\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{9}{4}\le m\le10\)

ĐKXĐ: \(0\le x\le4\) ;\(x\ne2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{4-x}\right)}{x-2}=2x-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+\sqrt{4x-x^2}=2x^2-7x+6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(4x-x^2\right)+\sqrt{4x-x^2}-6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{4x-x^2}=-2\left(loại\right)\\\sqrt{4x-x^2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x-x^2=\dfrac{9}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4+\sqrt{7}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{4-\sqrt{7}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow abc\)

ĐKXĐ: \(-2\le x\le2\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{2-x}=t\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\le t\le2\sqrt{2}\\2\sqrt{-x^2+4}=t^2-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Pt trở thành:

\(t+t^2-4+2m+3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow t^2+t-1=-2m\)

Xét hàm \(f\left(t\right)=t^2+t-1\) trên \(\left[2;2\sqrt{2}\right]\)

\(-\dfrac{b}{2a}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\notin\left[2;2\sqrt{2}\right]\)

\(f\left(2\right)=5\) ; \(f\left(2\sqrt{2}\right)=7+2\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow5\le-2m\le7+2\sqrt[]{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow-\dfrac{7+2\sqrt{2}}{2}\le m\le-\dfrac{5}{2}\)

Có đúng 1 giá trị nguyên của m thỏa mãn là \(m=-4\)

Giống bài trước, \(x=3+2\sqrt{2}\) là nghiệm

\(\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{mx+1}{x-m}\Rightarrow y'=\dfrac{-m^2-1}{\left(x-m\right)^2}\) nghịch biến trên miền xác định

\(\Rightarrow\max\limits_{\left[1;2\right]}y=y\left(1\right)=\dfrac{m+1}{1-m}=-2\Rightarrow m\)