\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x;y;z\ge0\\x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow0\le x;y;z\le1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2\le x\\y^2\le y\\z^2\le z\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x^2+x+1\le x^2+2x+1\\2y^2+y+1\le y^2+2y+1\\2z^2+z+1\le z^2+2z+1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(y+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(z+1\right)^2}=x+y+z+3=4\)

\(P_{max}=4\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị

sai đề

Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số x;y;z luôn có 2 số cùng phía so với \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là y và z 

\(\Rightarrow\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(z-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow yz-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y+z\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y+z-yz\le\dfrac{1}{2}+yz\)

Mặt khác từ giả thiết:

\(1-x^2=y^2+z^2+2xyz\ge2yz+2xyz\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x\right)\ge2yz\left(1+x\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-x\ge2yz\)

\(\Rightarrow yz\le\dfrac{1-x}{2}\)

Do đó:

\(A=yz+x\left(y+z-yz\right)\le yz+x\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+yz\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}x+yz\left(x+1\right)\le\dfrac{1}{2}x+\left(\dfrac{1-x}{2}\right)\left(x+1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A\le-\dfrac{1}{2}x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{5}{8}\le\dfrac{5}{8}\)

\(A_{max}=\dfrac{5}{8}\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)

1) \(21x^2+21y^2+z^2\)

\(=18\left(x^2+y^2\right)+z^2+3\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)

\(\ge9\left(x+y\right)^2+z^2+3.2xy\)

\(\ge2.3\left(x+y\right).z+6xy\)

\(=6\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=6.13=78\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y ; 3(x+y) = z; xy + yz + zx= 13 <=> x = y = 1; z= 6

2) \(x+y+z=3xyz\)

<=> \(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=3\)

Đặt: \(\frac{1}{x}=a;\frac{1}{y}=b;\frac{1}{z}=c\)=> ab + bc + ca = 3

Ta cần chứng minh: \(3a^2+b^2+3c^2\ge6\)

Ta có: \(3a^2+b^2+3c^2=\left(a^2+c^2\right)+2\left(a^2+c^2\right)+b^2\)

\(\ge2ac+\left(a+c\right)^2+b^2\ge2ac+2\left(a+c\right).b=2\left(ac+ab+bc\right)=6\)

Vậy: \(\frac{3}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{3}{z^2}\ge6\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = c = \(\sqrt{\frac{3}{5}}\); \(b=2\sqrt{\frac{3}{5}}\)

khi đó: \(x=z=\sqrt{\frac{5}{3}};y=\sqrt{\frac{5}{3}}\)

\(x\left(x-z\right)+y\left(y-z\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x^2+y^2=z\left(x+y\right)\)

\(\frac{x^3}{z^2+x^2}=x-\frac{z^2x}{z^2+x^2}\ge x-\frac{z^2x}{2zx}=x-\frac{z}{2}\)

\(\frac{y^3}{y^2+z^2}=y-\frac{yz^2}{y^2+z^2}\ge y-\frac{yz^2}{2yz}=y-\frac{z}{2}\)

\(\frac{x^2+y^2+4}{x+y}=\frac{z\left(x+y\right)+4}{x+y}=z-x-y+\frac{4}{x+y}+x+y\ge z-x-y+4\)

Cộng lại ra minP=4, dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)