Read the text again and fill in each blank in the summary with no more than TWO words.

                  Kachru's Model

Inner Circle

- English is the (1) ________.

- Countries: the UK, the USA, Australia, etc.

- Speakers provide the standards.

Outer Circle

- English is the second or (2) _______ language.

- Countries: India, Singapore, the Philippines, etc.

- Speakers (3) _______ the standards.

Expanding Circle

- English is a (4) _______.

- Countries: Brazil, Russia, Viet Nam, etc.

- Speakers follow the (5) _______ established.