12B: Choose What to Use

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Choose What to Use

Listening


WORD FOCUS
There are different forms of the word use:

We use plastic.

A plastic bottle is useful.

Stop using single-use plastic.

Take a reusable water bottle.

A.

Is this a problem in your country?

⇒Yes, this is.

 

How can we solve the problem?

⇒We can:

- We should recycle plastic into useful items.

- Do not throw garbage too much.

- Propaganda about environmental protection.

B.

Phần B Listening Unit 12


PRONUNCIATION: Conditional Intonation
In conditional sentences, the intonation usually rises toward the end of the if clause and falls toward the end of the main clause.

Rising-Falling Intonation

We do not only use rising or falling intonations alone, but we can likewise use a combination of both. Consider the rules of rising-falling intonation.

This is generally used for giving out a list, a set of choices, partial and conditional statements.

In stating a list, use rising intonation in the first series of items. Then, use a falling intonation on the last item to indicate that the list has ended. For instance:

She bought some ↑bread, ↑meat, ↑pasta, and ↓apples.

He enjoys outdoor activities such as ↑mountain climbing, ↑trekking, and ↓camping.

This bag comes in colors of ↑white, ↑gray, ↑black, and ↓yellow.

When used in choices, we say:

Would you like to have ↑tea or ↓coffee?

Is Jane coming ↑today or ↓tomorrow?

Did you say ↑east or ↓west?

We also use the rising-falling intonation in partial statements. This is when the speaker is hesitant to fully express his ideas and is unable to finish his statement.

For example: 

What was the place like? –Well, it ↑seemed ↓nice… (but it’s too small.)

So did you enjoy the trip? –Hmmm, ↑yes I ↓did… (but it was too short.)

Do Ethan and Ricky know you? –Well, ↑Ethan ↓does… (but not Ricky.)

In conditional statements, we use the rising intonation in the first clause, then gradually shift to the falling intonation in the second clause.

So we say:

If you have any ↑questions, send me a ↓message.

Ever since you came ↑here, everything’s doing ↓well.

Unless she ↑asks, I’ll stay ↓silent.

Example:

Both Falling ↓ and Rising ↑ Intonation

Choices

  • Are you having ↑ soup or ↓ salad?
  • Does he speak ↑ German or ↓ French?

Hesitation/reluctance

  • I don’t quite ↓ re ↑ member.

Lists (rising, rising, rising, falling)

  • We’ve got ↑ apples, pears, bananas and ↓ oranges
  • The sweater comes in ↑ blue, white pink and ↓ black

Politeness-Doubt-Uncertainty

  • Perhaps we could ↓ vis ↑ it the place?
  • Do you think it’s ↓ al ↑ lowed?

Conditional sentences

  • If he ↑ calls, ask him to leave a ↓message.
  • Unless he ↑ insists, I’m not going to ↓ go.

 

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Goal check

 

Plastic ItemSingle-Use?Reusable?
Water bottle 
Grocery bag 
Food container 
Plastic straw 
Tupperware box