\(a-b⋮7\Rightarrow a⋮6,b⋮7\)

\(\Rightarrow4a⋮7;3b⋮7\)

\(\Rightarrow4a+3b⋮7\) (đpcm)

pt 1) x=y=z  Cosi 3 số 

a.

\(\Leftrightarrow na_{n+2}-na_{n+1}=2\left(n+1\right)a_{n+1}-2\left(n+1\right)a_n\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a_{n+2}-a_{n+1}}{n+1}=2.\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}\)

Đặt \(b_n=\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b_1=\dfrac{a_2-a_1}{1}=1\\b_{n+1}=2b_n\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow b_n=2^{n-1}\Rightarrow a_{n+1}-a_n=n.2^{n-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a_{n+1}-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)-1\right]2^{n+1}=a_n-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n\)

Đặt \(c_n=a_n-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c_1=a_1-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right]2^1=2\\c_{n+1}=c_n=...=c_1=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a_n=\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n+2=\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2\)

b.

Câu b này đề sai

Với \(n=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{a_1-1}=0< \dfrac{1\left(1+1\right)}{2}\)

Với \(n=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}=0+1< \dfrac{2\left(2+1\right)}{2}\)

Có lẽ đề đúng phải là: \(\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}+...+\sqrt{a_n-1}\ge\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(\sqrt{a_n-1}\ge n-1\) ; \(\forall n\in Z^+\)

Hay: \(\sqrt{\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+1}\ge n-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2n\ge n^2\)

- Với \(n=1\Rightarrow-1+2\ge1^2\) (đúng)

- Với \(n=2\Rightarrow0+4\ge2^2\) (đúng)

- Giả sử BĐT đúng với \(n=k\ge2\) hay \(\left(k-2\right)2^{k-1}+2k\ge k^2\)

Ta cần chứng minh: \(\left(k-1\right)2^k+2\left(k+1\right)\ge\left(k+1\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(k-1\right)2^k+1\ge k^2\)

Thật vậy: \(\left(k-1\right)2^k+1=2\left(k-2\right)2^{k-1}+2^k+1\ge2k^2-4k+2^k+1\)

\(\ge2k^2-4k+5=k^2+\left(k-2\right)^2+1>k^2\) (đpcm)

Do đó:

\(\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}+...+\sqrt{a_n-1}>0+1+...+n-1=\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}\)

c.

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{a_n}{3^n}=\dfrac{\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2}{3^n}=\dfrac{n}{2\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+\dfrac{2}{3^n}\)

Đặt \(S_n=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{a_n}{3^n}=\dfrac{1}{2}\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}-\sum\limits^n_{j=1}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+2\sum\limits^n_{k=1}\dfrac{1}{3^n}=\dfrac{1}{2}S'-2+2\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+1-\dfrac{1}{3^n}\)

Xét \(S'=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}\)

\(S'=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{3}{2}}+\dfrac{2}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^3}+...+\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}\)

\(\dfrac{3}{2}S'=1+\dfrac{2}{\dfrac{3}{2}}+\dfrac{3}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}S'=1+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}}-\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}=\dfrac{1-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n}{1-\dfrac{2}{3}}=3-3\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n-n\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n\)

\(\Rightarrow S_n=2-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n-\dfrac{1}{3^n}-n\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n\)

\(\Rightarrow\lim\left(S_n\right)=2\)

\(C,\hept{\begin{cases}\left|x-1\right|+\left|y-2\right|=1\\\left|x-1\right|+3y=3\left(#\right)\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow3y-\left|y-2\right|=2\)(1)

*Nếu y > 2 thì 

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow3y-y+2=2\)

        \(\Leftrightarrow y=0\)(Loại do ko tm KĐX)

*Nếu y < 2 thì

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow3y-2+y=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y=1\)(Tm KĐX)

Thay y = 1 vào (#) được \(\left|x-1\right|+3=3\)

                                    \(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)

Vậy hệ có nghiệm \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=1\end{cases}}\)

\(A,ĐKXĐ:x\left(y+1\right)>0\)

\(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=5\left(1\right)\\\sqrt{\frac{x}{y+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{y+1}{x}}=2\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)

Giải (2) 

Có bđt \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\left(a,b>0\right)\)

Nên \(\sqrt{\frac{x}{y+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{y+1}{x}}\ge2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y+1\)

Thế x = y + 1 vảo pt (1) được

\(y+1+y=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y=2\)

\(\Rightarrow x=2+1=3\)

Thấy x = 3 ; y = 2 thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ
Vậy hệ có ngihiemej \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=3\\y=2\end{cases}}\)

\(B,ĐKXĐ:y\ne0\)

Từ \(pt\left(2\right)\Rightarrow x\ne0;-y\)

Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=a\\\frac{x}{y}=b\end{cases}\left(a;b\ne0\right)}\)

Hệ trở thành\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=9\\ab=20\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=9-b\\\left(9-b\right)b=20\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=9-b\\9b-b^2=20\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=9-b\\b^2-9b+20=0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=9-b\\b=5\end{cases}\left(h\right)\hept{\begin{cases}a=9-b\\b=4\end{cases}}}\)

*Với \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=9-b\\b=5\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=4\\b=5\end{cases}}\)

                                     \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=4\\\frac{x}{y}=5\end{cases}}\)

                                     \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=4\\x=5y\end{cases}}\)

                                      \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}6y=4\\x=5y\end{cases}}\)

                                     \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=\frac{2}{3}\\x=\frac{10}{3}\end{cases}}\left(TmĐKXĐ\right)\)

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