\(\frac{2x+2y-z}{z}=\frac{2x-y+2z}{y}=\frac{-x+2y+2z}{x} \)

=>\(\frac{2x+2y-z}{z}+3=\frac{2x-y+2z}{y}+3=\frac{-x+2y+2z}{x}+3\)

=>\(\frac{2x+2y+2z}{z}=\frac{2x+2y+2z}{y}=\frac{2x+2y+2z}{x}\)

=>\(\frac{x+y+z}{z}=\frac{x+y+z}{y}=\frac{x+y+z}{x}\)

=>\(\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y+z=0\\x=y=z\end{cases}}\)

Với \(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=-z\\y+z=-x\\x+z=-y\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}{8xyz}=\frac{-xyz}{8xyz}=-\frac{1}{8}\)

Với \(x=y=z\)\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}{8xyz}=\frac{2x.2y.2z}{8xyz}=\frac{8xyz}{8xyz}=1\)

đặt a = 2x+y+z ; b = 2y+z+x ; c = 2z+x+y => a+b+c = 4x+4y+4z 
=> a - (a+b+c)/4 = x => x = (3a-b-c)/4 ; tương tự y = (3b-c-a)/4 ; z = (3c-a-b)/4 
thay vào vế trái ta có 
P = (3a-b-c)/4a + (3b-c-a)/4b + (3c-a-b)/4c = 
= 9/4 - (b/4a + c/4a + c/4b + a/4b + a/4c + b/4c) 
= 9/4 - (1/4)(b/a+a/b + c/a+a/c + c/b+b/c) 

Côsi cho từng cặp ta có: b/a+a/b ≥ 2 ; c/a+a/c ≥ 2 ; c/b+b/c ≥ 2 
=> b/a+a/b + c/a+a/c + c/b+b/c ≥ 6 
=> -(1/4)(b/a+a/b +c/a+a/c + c/b+b/c) ≤ -6/4 thay vào P ta có: 
P ≤ 9/4 - 6/4 = 3/4 (đpcm) ; dấu "=" khi a = b = c hay x = y = z 
cách này tuy biến đổi dài nhưng dễ hiểu) 
------------ 
Cách khác: 
P = x/(2x+y+z) -1 + y/(2y+z+x) -1 + z/(2z+x+y) - 1 + 3 
= -(x+y+z)/(2x+y+z) -(x+y+z)/(2y+z+x) -(x+y+z)/(2z+x+y) + 3 
= -(x+y+z).[1/(2x+y+z) + 1/(2y+z+x) + 1/(2z+x+y)] + 3 
- - - 
Côsi cho 3 số: 
2x+y+z + 2y+z+x + 2z+x+y ≥ 3.³√(2x+y+z)(2y+z+x)(2z+x+y) 
=> 4(x+y+z) ≥ 3.³√(2x+y+z)(2y+z+x)(2z+x+y) (1*) 
Côsi cho 3 số: 
1/(2x+y+z)+1/(2y+z+x)+1/(2z+x+y) ≥ 3³√1/(2x+y+z)(2y+z+x)(2z+x+y) (2*) 

Lấy (1*) *(2*) ta có: 
4(x+y+z)[1/(2x+y+z) + 1/(2y+z+x) + 1/(2z+x+y)] ≥ 9 

=> -(x+y+z).[1/(2x+y+z) + 1/(2y+z+x) + 1/(2z+x+y)] ≤ -9/4 
thay vào P ta có: 
P ≤ -9/4 + 3 = 3/4 (đpcm) ; dấu "=" khi x = y = z 

Theo Cauchy Schwarz:

\(\frac{x}{2x+y+z}=\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)\)

Tương tự:

\(\frac{y}{2y+z+x}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{y}{y+x}+\frac{y}{y+z}\right);\frac{z}{2z+y+x}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{z}{z+y}+\frac{z}{z+x}\right)\)

Cộng lại:

\(D\le\frac{3}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)

\(\dfrac{S}{2\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{x}{2\sqrt{3x\left(2y+2z-x\right)}}+\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{3y\left(2x+2z-y\right)}}+\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{3z\left(2x+2y-z\right)}}\)

\(\dfrac{S}{2\sqrt{3}}\ge\dfrac{x}{3x+2y+2z-x}+\dfrac{y}{3x+2x+2z-y}+\dfrac{z}{3z+2x+2y-z}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow S\ge\sqrt{3}\)

\(S_{min}=\sqrt{3}\) khi \(x=y=z\)

Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\frac{x}{2x+y+z}+\frac{y}{2y+x+z}+\frac{z}{2z+x+y}\)

\(=\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z}{\left(y+z\right)+\left(x+z\right)}\)

\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}+\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{z}{x+z}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)

\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)

A=x^3 +y^3 +z^3+ 2(x/y+z  +y/z+x  +z/x+y)  \(\ge x^3+y^3+z^3+2.\frac{3}{2}\)  (bạn vào tìm BĐT nesbit là sẽ cm cái đằng sau >= 3/2)

Áp dụng cô si \(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3xyz=3\)

===> A\(\ge3+3=6\) khi x=y=z=1