Do p là nửa chu vi tam giác nên \(2p=a+b+c\)

Ta có bổ đề sau: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2\ge4xy\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)

Áp dụng vào bài toán: 

\(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}\ge\frac{4}{p-a+p-b}=\frac{4}{2p-a-b}=\frac{4}{c}\)

Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge\frac{4}{a},\)\(\frac{1}{p-c}+\frac{1}{p-a}\ge\frac{4}{b}\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\right)\ge\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{4}{c}=4\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)(đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c.

\(\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{abc}=8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+b\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2}{a^2b^2c^2}=64\)

Ta có

\(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab;\left(c+b\right)^2\ge4cb;\left(a+c\right)^2\ge4ac\)

\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+b\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2}{a^2b^2c^2}\ge64\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c\)=> Đó là tam giác đều

Ta có: \(\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=8\)

         \(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{a+c}{c}=8\)

        \(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}=8\)

        \(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=8abc\)

        \(\Rightarrow a^2b+a^2c+b^2c+ab^2+ac^2+bc^2+2abc=8abc\)

        \(\Rightarrow a^2b+a^2c+b^2c+ab^2+ac^2+bc^2-6abc=0\)

        \(\Rightarrow\left(ab^2-2abc+ac^2\right)+\left(a^2b-2abc+bc^2\right)+\left(a^2c-2abc+b^2c\right)=0\)

        \(\Rightarrow a\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+b\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+c\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)=0\)

        \(\Rightarrow a\left(b-c\right)^2+b\left(a-c\right)^2+c\left(a-b\right)^2=0\)(1)

Vì a, b, c là độ dài các cạnh của tam giác nên a, b, c > 0 ⁽²⁾

Do đó \(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\\b\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\\c\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)(3)

Từ (1), (2), (3) \(\Rightarrow\left(b-c\right)^2=\left(a-c\right)^2=\left(a-b\right)^2=0\)

                        \(\Rightarrow\left(b-c\right)=\left(a-c\right)=\left(a-b\right)=0\)

                        \(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

Vậy a, b, c là độ dài ba cạnh của một tam giác đều