\(A=2017+a^2+b^2+c^2\ge2017+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=2020\)

\(A_{min}=2020\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=9\Rightarrow-3\le a+b+c\le3\)

\(S=a+b+c+\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+a+b+c-\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Đặt \(a+b+c=x\Rightarrow-3\le x\le3\)

\(S=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2+x-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+1\right)^2-2\ge-2\)

\(S_{min}=-2\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=-1\\a^2+b^2+c^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\) (có vô số bộ a;b;c thỏa mãn)

\(S=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+2x-15\right)+6=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-3\right)\left(x+5\right)+6\le6\)

\(S_{max}=6\) khi \(x=3\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)

bạn kiểm tra lại xem có sai đề không

Lời giải:

Do $a\geq 4, b\geq 5, c\geq 6$

$\Rightarrow c^2=90-a^2-b^2\leq 90-4^2-5^2=49$

$\Rightarrow c\leq 7$

$a^2=90-b^2-c^2\leq 90-5^2-6^2=29< 81$

$\Rightarrow a< 9$

$b^2=90-a^2-c^2=90-4^2-6^2=38< 64$

$\Rightarrow b< 8$

Vậy $4\leq a< 9, 5\leq b< 8, 6\leq c\leq 7$

Suy ra:

$(a-4)(a-9)\leq 0$

$(b-5)(b-8)\leq 0$

$(c-6)(c-7)\leq 0$

$\Rightarrow (a-4)(a-9)+(b-5)(b-8)+(c-6)(c-7)\leq 0$

$\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+118\leq 13(a+b+c)$

$\Rightarrow 90+208\leq 13P$
$\Rightarrow P\geq 16$

Vậy $P_{\min}=16$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(a,b,c)=(4,5,7)$

Lời giải:

Đặt $a+b+c=p; ab+bc+ac=q=1; abc=r$

$p,r\geq 0$

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: $p^2\geq 3q=3\Rightarrow p\geq \sqrt{3}$

$a,b,c\leq 1\Leftrightarrow (a-1)(b-1)(c-1)\leq 0$

$\Leftrightarrow p+r\leq 2\Rightarrow p\leq 2$

$P=\frac{(a+b+c)^2-2(ab+bc+ac)+3}{a+b+c-abc}=\frac{(a+b+c)^2+1}{a+b+c-abc}=\frac{p^2+1}{p-r}$

Ta sẽ cm $P\geq \frac{5}{2}$ hay $P_{\min}=\frac{5}{2}$

$\Leftrightarrow \frac{p^2+1}{p-r}\geq \frac{5}{2}$

$\Leftrightarrow 2p^2-5p+2+5r\geq 0(*)$

---------------------------

Thật vậy:

Áp dụng BĐT Schur thì:

$p^3+9r\geq 4p\Rightarrow 5r\geq \frac{20}{9}p-\frac{5}{9}p^3$

Khi đó:

$2p^2-5p+2+5r\geq 2p^2-5p+2+\frac{20}{9}p-\frac{5}{9}p^3=\frac{1}{9}(2-p)(5p^2-8p+9)\geq 0$ do $p\leq 2$ và $p\geq \sqrt{3}$

$\Rightarrow (*)$ được CM

$\Rightarrow P_{\min}=\frac{5}{2}$

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $(a,b,c)=(1,1,0)$ và hoán vị

Ta có : \(P=a^2+b^2+c^2\)

\(\Rightarrow P+2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P+2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge-2\)

Vậy Min_P = -2 tại a + b + c = 0 .

Dễ thấy:

\(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge ab+bc+ca=1\)

\(minP=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)

Cách khác:

Áp dụng BĐT BSC:

\(ab+bc+ca=1\)

\(\Rightarrow1=\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\le\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=P^2\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge1\left(\text{Do }P>0\right)\)

\(minP=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)