Đáp án : A

+) HCl : Al -> 1,5H₂

               Mg -> H₂

+) NaOH : Al -> 1,5H₂

=> n_Al = 2/3 n_H2 = 0,2 mol

=> n_Mg = n_H2(1) – n_H2(Al) = 0,4 – 0,3 = 0,1 mol

=> %m_Al = 69,23%

a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:       x                                                     1,5x

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      y                                                 y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)

b) 

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:      0,1      0,15                  0,05                            

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:     0,1       0,1                 0,1

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)

m_{dd sau pứ} = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)

\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)

\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)

\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=5,1\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,1}.100\approx52,941\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx47,059\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{Al,Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=5,1+250-0,25.2=254,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{254,6}.100\approx6,716\%\\ C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{254,6}.100\approx4,713\%\)

Đáp án A

Đáp án A

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{V_{H_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9mol\)

Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Mg}=y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=27x\\m_{Mg}=24y\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

 x                                      \(\dfrac{3}{2}x\)    ( mol )

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

  y                                     y ( mol )

Ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=19,8\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,9\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,6.24=14,4g\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{19,8}.100=27,27\%\)

\(\%m_{Mg}=100\%-27,27\%=72,73\%\)