a) xy² + 2xy - 243y + x = 0

\(\Leftrightarrow\)x ( y + 1 )² = 243y

Mà ( y ; y + 1 ) = 1 nên 243 \(⋮\)( y + 1 )²

Mặt khác ( y + 1 ) ² là số chính phương nên ( y + 1 )² \(\in\){ 3² ; 9² }

+) ( y + 1 )² = 3² \(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}y+1=3\\y+1=-3\end{cases}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}y=2\Rightarrow x=54\\y=-4\Rightarrow x=-108\end{cases}}}\)

+) ( y + 1 )² = 9² \(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}y+1=9\\y+1=-9\end{cases}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}y=8\Rightarrow x=24\\y=-10\Rightarrow x=-30\end{cases}}}\)

vậy ...

b) \(\sqrt{x^2+12}+5=3x+\sqrt{x^2+5}\)( đk : x > 0 )

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+12}-4=3x+\sqrt{x^2+5}-9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+12}-4=3x-6+\sqrt{x^2+5}-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-4}{\sqrt{x^2+12}+4}=3\left(x-2\right)+\frac{x^2-4}{\sqrt{x^2+5}+3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(\frac{x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+12}+4}-\frac{x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+5}+3}-3\right)=0\)

Vì \(\sqrt{x^2+12}+4>\sqrt{x^2+5}+3\Rightarrow\frac{x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+12}+4}< \frac{x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+5}+3}\)

Do đó : \(\frac{x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+12}+4}-\frac{x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+5}+3}-3< 0\)nên x - 2 = 0 \(\Leftrightarrow\)x = 2 

ý a ở đây bn https://hoc247.net/hoi-dap/toan-10/giai-he-pt-3x-x-2-2-y-2-va-3y-y-2-2-x-2-faq371128.html

b.

Với \(xy=0\) không là nghiệm

Với \(xy\ne0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\left(y^2+1\right)=y\left(5-x^2\right)\\y^2+1=y\left(5-2x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y^2+1}{y}=\dfrac{5-x^2}{x}\\\dfrac{y^2+1}{y}=5-2x\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{5-x^2}{x}=5-2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5-x^2=5x-2x^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

c.

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)^2=3\\2x^2-\left(y+1\right)^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)^2=3\\6x^2-3\left(y+1\right)^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow5x^2-x\left(y+1\right)-4\left(y+1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y-1\right)\left(5x+4\left(y+1\right)\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=x-1\\y=-\dfrac{5x+4}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào 1 trong 2 pt ban đầu...